Description
The piperazine derivatives most frequently consumed for recreational purposes are 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP), 1-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)piperazine (MDBP), 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP), and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MeOPP). Currently it is unclear whether piperazine designer drugs induce mechanisms of hepatotoxicity and, if so, whether they act by a common mechanism.