To study the effects of previous exposure to mechanical ventilation may modify the development of Ventilator-induced lung injury, preconditioning was induced by low-pressure ventilation for 90 minutes. After 1 week, intact (sham) and preconditioned mice were sacrificed, the lungs extracted and gene expression measured in order to identify differences responsible for the observed tolerance to ventilator-induced lung injury observed in preconditioned animals.
Exposure to mechanical ventilation promotes tolerance to ventilator-induced lung injury by Ccl3 downregulation.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesTriple negative breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with distinct molecular subtypes that differentially respond to chemotherapy and targeted agents. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical relevance of Lehmann triple negative breast cancer subtypes by identifying any differences in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy among them.
Triple negative breast cancer subtypes and pathologic complete response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesHeritable differences in gene expression between individuals are an important source of phenotypic variation. The question of how closely the effects of genetic variation on protein levels mirror those on mRNA levels remains open. Here, we addressed this question by using ribosomal footprinting to examine how genetic differences between two strains of the yeast S. cerevisiae affect translation. Strain differences in translation were observed for hundreds of genes, more than half as many as showed genetic differences in mRNA levels. Similarly, allele specific measurements in the diploid hybrid between the two strains found roughly half as many cis-acting effects on translation as were observed for mRNA levels. In both the parents and the hybrid, strong effects on translation were rare, such that the direction of an mRNA difference was typically reflected in a concordant footprint difference. The relative importance of cis and trans acting variation on footprint levels was similar to that for mRNA levels. Across all expressed genes, there was a tendency for translation to more often reinforce than buffer mRNA differences, resulting in footprint differences with greater magnitudes than the mRNA differences. Finally, we catalogued instances of premature translation termination in the two yeast strains. Overall, genetic variation clearly influences translation, but primarily does so by subtly modulating differences in mRNA levels. Translation does not appear to create strong discrepancies between genetic influences on mRNA and protein levels. Overall design: Ribsosomal footprinting and RNASeq in the two yeast strains BY and RM as well as their diploid hybrid. We generated one library each for the BY and RM parents, and two libraries (biological replicates) for the hybrid data.
Genetic influences on translation in yeast.
Cell line, Subject
View SamplesEmbryonic chicken telencephalon nuclei were isolated for RNAseq to identify transcripts differentially expressed across different brain regions.
Neocortical Association Cell Types in the Forebrain of Birds and Alligators.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Alteration of Gene Expression, DNA Methylation, and Histone Methylation in Free Radical Scavenging Networks in Adult Mouse Hippocampus following Fetal Alcohol Exposure.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesMouse models of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder can be used to assess molecular changes underlying the disorder. Neonatal ethanol exposure in mice can be used to model third trimester ethanol exposure in humans.
Alteration of Gene Expression, DNA Methylation, and Histone Methylation in Free Radical Scavenging Networks in Adult Mouse Hippocampus following Fetal Alcohol Exposure.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Epipolymorphisms associated with the clinical outcome of autoimmune arthritis affect CD4+ T cell activation pathways.
Sex
View SamplesMultifactorial diseases, including autoimmune juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), result from a complex interplay between genetics and environment. Epigenetic mechanisms are believed to integrate such gene-environment interactions, fine-tuning gene expression and possibly contributing to immune system dysregulation. Although anti-TNF therapy has strongly increased JIA remission rates, it is not curative and up to 80% of patients flare upon treatment withdrawal. Thus, a crucial unmet medical and scientific need is to understand the immunological mechanisms associated with remission or flare to inform clinical decisions. Here, we explored the CD4+ T cell DNA methylome of 68 poly-articular and extended oligo-articular JIA patients, before and after anti-TNF therapy withdrawal, to identify features associated with maintenance of inactive disease (ID). Individual CpG sites were clustered in coherent modules without a priori knowledge of their function through network analysis. The methylation level of several CpG modules, specifically those enriched in CpG sites belonging to genes that mediate T cell activation, uniquely correlated with clinical activity. Differences in DNA methylation were already detectable at the time of therapy discontinuation, suggesting epigenetic predisposition. RNA profiling also detected differences in T cell activation markers, including HLA-DR, but, overall, its sensitivity was lower than epigenetic profiling. Changes to the T cell activation signature at the protein level were detectable by flow cytometry, confirming the biological relevance of the observed alterations in methylation. Our work proposes, for the first time, epigenetic discrimination between clinical activity states, and reveals T cell-related biological functions tied to, and possibly predicting and/or causing, clinical outcome.
Epipolymorphisms associated with the clinical outcome of autoimmune arthritis affect CD4+ T cell activation pathways.
Sex
View SamplesPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are an immune subset devoted to the production of high amounts of type 1 interferons in response to viral infections. While conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) originate mostly from a common dendritic cell progenitor (CDP), pDCs have been shown to develop from both CDPs and common lymphoid progenitors (CLP). Here we found that pDCs developed predominantly from IL7R+ lymphoid progenitor cells. Expression of SiglecH and Ly6D defined pDC lineage commitment along the lymphoid branch. Transcriptional characterization of SiglecH+Ly6D+ precursors indicated that pDC development requires high expression of the transcription factor IRF8, while pDC identity relies on TCF4. RNA sequencing of IL7R+ lymphoid and CDP-derived pDCs mirrored the heterogeneity of mature pDCs observed by single-cell analysis. Both mature pDC subsets are able to secrete type 1 interferons, but only myeloid-derived pDCs share with cDCs their ability to process and present antigen. Overall design: Bulk RNA Seq was performed from sort purified DN, SP and DP lymphoid progenitors and BM pDCs of 4 individual mice
Distinct progenitor lineages contribute to the heterogeneity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesGene expression analyses were carried out to identify genes regulated by 17-beta estradiol (E2) and Hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) through GPR30 in SKBR3 cells, a breast cancer cell-line which expresses GPR30 but lacks Estrogen Receptor alpha or beta.
Estrogenic GPR30 signalling induces proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells through CTGF.
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