CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ß (C/EBPß) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of important pro-inflammatory genes in microglia. Mice deficient for C/EBPß show protection against excitotoxic and ischemic CNS damage but the involvement of the various C/EBPß expressing cell types in this neuroprotective effect is not solved. Since C/EBPß-deficient microglia show attenuated neurotoxicity in culture we hypothesized that specific C/EBPß deficiency in microglia could be neuroprotective in vivo. In this study we have tested this hypothesis by generating mice with myeloid C/EBPß deficiency. Mice with myeloid C/EBPß deficiency were generated by crossing LysMCre and C/EBPßfl/fl mice . Primary microglial cultures from C/EBPßfl/fl (named here as WT) and LysMCre-C/EBPßfl/fl (named here as KO) mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide ± interferon ? (IFN?) for 6 h and gene expression was analyzed by RNA sequencing. LysMCre-C/EBPßfl/fl mice showed an efficiency of C/EBPß deletion of 100% in cultured microglia. Transcriptomic analysis of C/EBPß-deficient primary microglia revealed C/EBPß-dependent expression of 1068 genes, significantly enriched in inflammatory and innate immune responses GO terms. This study provides new data that support a central role for C/EBPß in the biology of activated microglia. Overall design: LysMCre-C/EBPßfl/fl genotype (12 samples): 4 samples treated with LPS, 4 with LPS +IFNg, and 4 vehicle. C/EBPßfl/fl genotype (9 samples): 3 samples treated with LPS, 3 with LPS +IFNg, and 3 vehicle. Design Case (Treatment LPS or LPS +INF) control (No treatment or vehicle) in LysMCre-C/EBPßfl/fl genotype and in C/EBPßfl/fl genotype
RNA-Seq transcriptomic profiling of primary murine microglia treated with LPS or LPS + IFNγ.
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View SamplesBovine papillomavirus (BPV) is the causative agent of papillomatosis in cattle. The disease causes cutaneous and mucosal lesions that can be minimized or lead to the appearance of malignant tumors. This study aims to identify possible molecular mechanisms that are behind the pathological processes associated with bovine papillomatosis through the identification of genes related to the development of the lesions. For this, next-generation RNA sequencing was used to assess differentially expressed genes in infected by BPV and non-infected bovines. Three animals with papillomatosis lesion and three without papillomatosis lesion were studied. The Galaxy platform was used to analyze the data generated by the sequencing. The Illumina output files were converted to FASTQ format. Quality evaluation was performed using FastQC and the sequence quality cut was performed using Trimmomatic. TopHat and Bowtie were used to map and align the reads with the reference genome. The abundance of the expressed genes was verified using Cuffilinks. Cuffdiff was used for differential expression analysis. Functional annotation of the differentially expressed genes was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) databases. RNA-sequencing generated a total of 121,722,238 of reads. In the gene expression analysis, a total of 13,421 genes expressed were identified and of these 1343 were differentially expressed. The functional annotation of differentially significant genes showed that many genes presented functions or they were related to metabolic pathways associated with the progression of papillomatosis lesions and cancer development in cattle. Although more studies are needed, this is the first study that focused on a large-scale evaluation of gene expression associated with the BPV infection, which is important to identify possible mechanisms regulated by the host genes that are necessary the development of the lesion Overall design: Analysis of three BPV infected and three BPV non-infected samples
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of bovine papillomatosis.
Age, Specimen part, Treatment, Subject
View SamplesTo identify genes with expression levels that are associated with T1D progression from AbP (islet autoantibody positive), global gene expression changes were analyzed in AbP subjects with different T1D progression rate.
Risk of type 1 diabetes progression in islet autoantibody-positive children can be further stratified using expression patterns of multiple genes implicated in peripheral blood lymphocyte activation and function.
Specimen part
View SamplesNeural crest cells are a transient embryonic population, hence are neither present after bith and nor are they readily accesible for analysis. Therefore, little is known about the genetic networks that regulate NC especification, delamitation and migration from the dorsal neural tube to their final destination along the embryo.
Delamination of neural crest cells requires transient and reversible Wnt inhibition mediated by Dact1/2.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe development of CRISPR-Cas systems for targeting DNA and RNA in diverse organisms has transformed biotechnology and biological research. Moreover, the CRISPR revolution has highlighted bacterial adaptive immune systems as a rich and largely unexplored frontier for discovery of new genome engineering technologies. In particular, the class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems, which use single RNA-guided DNA-targeting nucleases such as Cas9, have been widely applied for targeting DNA sequences in eukaryotic genomes. Here, we report DNA-targeting and transcriptional control with class I CRISPR-Cas systems. Specifically, we repurpose the effector complex from type I variants of class 1 CRISPR-Cas systems, the most prevalent CRISPR loci in nature, that target DNA via a multi-component RNA-guided complex termed Cascade. We validate Cascade expression, complex formation, and nuclear localization in human cells and demonstrate programmable CRISPR RNA (crRNA)-mediated targeting of specific loci in the human genome. By tethering transactivation domains to Cascade, we modulate the expression of targeted chromosomal genes in both human cells and plants. This study expands the toolbox for engineering eukaryotic genomes and establishes Cascade as a novel CRISPR-based technology for targeted eukaryotic gene regulation. Overall design: Examination of transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression with Cascade-mediated activation of endogenous genes.
Targeted transcriptional modulation with type I CRISPR-Cas systems in human cells.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesWe deleted Tfr1 in the heart to determine the role of Tfr1 in iron uptake in normal cardiac funciton We used microarrays to identify global gene changes associated with deletion of Tfr1 in skeletal muscle
Lethal Cardiomyopathy in Mice Lacking Transferrin Receptor in the Heart.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesThe global prevalence of obesity is increasing across age and gender. The rising burden of obesity in young people contributes to the early emergence of type 2 diabetes. Having one parent obese is an independent risk factor for childhood obesity. While the detrimental impact of diet-induced maternal obesity on offspring is well established, the extent of the contribution of obese fathers is unclear, as is the role of non-genetic factors in the casual pathway. Here we show that paternal high fat diet exposure programmed -cell dysfunction in their F1 female offspring. Chronic high fat diet consumption in Sprague Dawley fathers led to increased body weight, adiposity, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Relative to controls, their female offspring had lower body weight at day-1, increased pubertal growth rate, impaired insulin secretion and glucose tolerance, in the absence of obesity or increased adiposity. Paternal high fat diet was observed to alter gene expression of pancreatic islet genes in adult female offspring (P < 0.001); affected functional clusters includes calcium ion binding, insulin, apoptosis, Wnt and cell cycle organ/system development. This is the first reported study in mammals describing non-genetic, intergenerational transmission of metabolic sequelae of high fat diet from father to offspring. These findings support a role of fathers in metabolic programming of offspring and form a framework for further studies.
Chronic high-fat diet in fathers programs β-cell dysfunction in female rat offspring.
Sex
View SamplesReactive astrogliosis is characterized by a profound change in astrocyte phenotype in response to all CNS injuries and diseases. To better understand the reactive astrocyte state, we used Affymetrix GeneChip arrays to profile gene expression in populations of reactive astrocytes isolated at various time points after induction using two different mouse injury models, ischemic stroke and neuroinflammation.
Genomic analysis of reactive astrogliosis.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
CLL intraclonal fractions exhibit established and recently acquired patterns of DNA methylation.
Sex, Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesIntraclonal subpopulations of circulating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells with different proliferative histories and reciprocal surface expression of CXCR4 and CD5 have been observed in the peripheral blood of CLL patients and named proliferative (PF), intermediate (IF) and resting (RF) cellular fractions. Transcriptional differences between paired intraclonal fractions confirmed their proliferative experience and further supported a linear advancement from PF to RF in the peripheral blood. Marked expression differences in intraclonal fractions suggest potential pathological and therapeutic relevance of studying intraclonal CLL fractions as compared to bulk cells.
CLL intraclonal fractions exhibit established and recently acquired patterns of DNA methylation.
Sex, Specimen part, Subject
View Samples