Analysis of the genes and cellular signalling cascades mediating the response of SCN slices to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Primary goal was to find novel genes that may be involved in circadian phase shifting for further study. Promoter analysis of significantly regulated genes and gene ontology analysis would provide information into pathways VIP acts through in the SCN.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide controls the suprachiasmatic circadian clock network via ERK1/2 and DUSP4 signalling.
Specimen part
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CBFβ stabilizes HIV Vif to counteract APOBEC3 at the expense of RUNX1 target gene expression.
Cell line
View SamplesThe HIV-1 accessory protein Vif hijacks a cellular
CBFβ stabilizes HIV Vif to counteract APOBEC3 at the expense of RUNX1 target gene expression.
Cell line
View SamplesRad21 is a subunit of cohesin. The main function of cohesin is to hold replicated chromosomes together until cells divide, but it also plays a role in gene expression. To find out which genes might be regulated by cohesin, a study was conducted to look for global changes in gene expression in zebrafish embryos lacking cohesin component Rad21.
Positive regulation of c-Myc by cohesin is direct, and evolutionarily conserved.
Specimen part, Time
View SamplesIn addition to satisfying the metabolic demands of cells, mitochondrial metabolism helps regulate immune cell function. To date, such cell-intrinsic metabolic-immunologic cross-talk has only been described operating in cells of the immune system. Here we show that epidermal cells utilize fatty acid -oxidation to fuel their contribution to the immune response during cutaneous inflammation. By live imaging metabolic and immunological processes within intact zebrafish embryos during cutaneous inflammation, we uncover a mechanism where elevated -oxidation-fueled mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species within epidermal cells helps guide matrix metalloproteinase-driven leukocyte recruitment. This mechanism requires the activity of a zebrafish homolog of the mammalian mitochondrial enzyme, Immunoresponsive gene 1. This study describes the first example of metabolic reprogramming operating within a non-immune cell type to help control its contribution to the immune response. Targeting of this metabolic-immunologic interface within keratinocytes may prove useful in treating inflammatory dermatoses.
Epidermal cells help coordinate leukocyte migration during inflammation through fatty acid-fuelled matrix metalloproteinase production.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesThe identification of genes and deduced pathways from the mature human oocyte can help us better understand oogenesis, folliculogenesis, fertilization, and embryonic development. Human metaphase II oocytes were used within minutes after removal from the ovary, and its transcriptome was compared with a reference sample consisting of a mixture of total RNA from 10 different normal human tissues not including the ovary. RNA amplification was performed by using a unique protocol. Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip arrays were used for hybridizations. Compared with reference samples, there were 5,331 transcripts significantly up-regulated and 7,074 transcripts significantly down-regulated in the oocyte. Of the oocyte up-regulated probe sets, 1,430 have unknown function. A core group of 66 transcripts was identified by intersecting significantly up-regulated genes of the human oocyte with those from the mouse oocyte and from human and mouse embryonic stem cells. GeneChip array results were validated using RT-PCR in a selected set of oocyte-specific genes. Within the up-regulated probe sets, the top overrepresented categories were related to RNA and protein metabolism, followed by DNA metabolism and chromatin modification. This report provides a comprehensive expression baseline of genes expressed in in vivo matured human oocytes. Further understanding of the biological role of these genes may expand our knowledge on meiotic cell cycle, fertilization, chromatin remodeling, lineage commitment, pluripotency, tissue regeneration, and morphogenesis.
The transcriptome of human oocytes.
No sample metadata fields
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Calorie restriction in humans inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway and induces a younger transcription profile.
Specimen part
View SamplesWith the population of older and overweight individuals on the rise in the Western world, there is an ever greater need to slow the aging processes and reduce the burden of age-associated chronic disease that would significantly improve the quality of human life and reduce economic costs. Caloric restriction (CR), is the most robust and reproducible intervention known to delay aging and to improve healthspan and lifespan across species (1); however, whether this intervention can extend lifespan in humans is still unknown. Here we report that rats and humans exhibit similar responses to long-term CR at both the physiological and molecular levels. CR induced broad phenotypic similarities in both species such as reduced body weight, reduced fat mass and increased the ratio of muscle to fat. Likewise, CR evoked similar species-independent responses in the transcriptional profiles of skeletal muscle. This common signature consisted of three key pathways typically associated with improved health and survival: IGF-1/insulin signaling, mitochondrial biogenesis and inflammation. To our knowledge, these are the first results to demonstrate that long-term CR induces a similar transcriptional profile in two very divergent species, suggesting that such similarities may also translate to lifespan-extending effects in humans as is known to occur in rodents. These findings provide insight into the shared molecular mechanisms elicited by CR and highlight promising pathways for therapeutic targets to combat age-related diseases and promote longevity in humans.
Calorie restriction in humans inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway and induces a younger transcription profile.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
WNT5A inhibits metastasis and alters splicing of Cd44 in breast cancer cells.
Cell line
View SamplesA highly metastatic breast cancer cell line, 4T1, was used to generate stable Wnt5a expressing and vector only control cells. Cells were generated using lentivirus infection and selection with blasticidin. Expression of Wnt5a was confirmed using western blot. Cell behaviour was characterized. Wnt5a expressing cells exhibited reduced migration in a transwell assay and reduced metastasis in a tail vein injection assay. Growth was not significantly affected.
WNT5A inhibits metastasis and alters splicing of Cd44 in breast cancer cells.
Cell line
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