This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Epigenetics and Preeclampsia: Defining Functional Epimutations in the Preeclamptic Placenta Related to the TGF-β Pathway.
Specimen part, Disease, Race
View SamplesPlacental Tissue Samples from 36 women (17 normotensive women, denoted with a P, and 19 preeclamptic women, denoted with a Q) were analyzed for differenital methylation
Epigenetics and Preeclampsia: Defining Functional Epimutations in the Preeclamptic Placenta Related to the TGF-β Pathway.
Specimen part, Disease, Race
View SamplesRNA-seq was performed on eosinophils isolated from colons of naive C57/BL6 mice. Overall design: 2 samples of naive colonic eosinophils
Reuse of public, genome-wide, murine eosinophil expression data for hypotheses development.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesProstate organogenesis involves epithelial growth in response to inductive signalling from specialised subsets of mesenchyme. To identify regulators and morphogens active in mesenchyme, we performed transcriptomic analysis using Tag-seq, RNA-seq, and single cell RNA-seq and defined new mesenchymal subsets and markers. We documented transcript expression using Tag-seq and RNA-seq in female rat Ventral Mesenchymal Pad (VMP) as well as adjacent urethra comprised of smooth muscle and peri-urethral mesenchyme. Transcripts enriched in VMP were identified in Tag-seq data from microdissected tissue, and RNA-seq data derived from cell populations and single cells. We identified 400 transcripts as enriched or specific to the VMP using bio-informatic comparisons of Tag-seq and RNA-seq data. Comparison with single cell RNA-seq identified transcripts yielded 45 transcriptscommon to both approaches. Cell subset analysis showed that VMP and adjacent mesenchyme were composed of distinct cell types and that each tissue was comprised of two subgroups. Markers for these subgroups were highly subset specific. Thirteen transcripts were validated by qPCR to confirm cell specific expression in microdissected tissues, as well as expression in neonatal prostate. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that Ebf3 and Meis2 showed a restricted expression pattern in VMP condensed mesenchyme. Taken together, we demonstrate that the VMP shows limited cellular heterogeneity and that our high-resolution transcriptomic analysis identified new mesenchymal subset markers associated with prostate organogenesis. Overall design: Tag-sequencing, RNA-sequencing and single-cell RNA-sequencing on 2 female inductive mesenchymal tissues of the developing prostate/urogenital tract.
Identification of genes expressed in a mesenchymal subset regulating prostate organogenesis using tissue and single cell transcriptomics.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
MEF2B mutations in non-Hodgkin lymphoma dysregulate cell migration by decreasing MEF2B target gene activation.
Cell line, Treatment
View SamplesMyocyte enhancer factor 2B (MEF2B) is a transcription factor with somatic mutation hotspots at K4, Y69 and D83 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). The recurrence of these mutations indicates that they may drive lymphoma development. However, inferring the mechanisms by which they may drive lymphoma development was complicated by our limited understanding of MEF2Bs normal functions. To expand our understanding of the cellular activities of wildtype (WT) and mutant MEF2B, I developed and addressed two hypotheses: (1) identifying genes regulated by WT MEF2B will allow identification of cellular phenotypes affected by MEF2B activity and (2) contrasting the DNA binding sites, effects on gene expression and effects on cellular phenotypes of mutant and WT MEF2B will help refine hypotheses about how MEF2B mutations may contribute to lymphoma development. To address these hypotheses, I first identified genome-wide WT MEF2B binding sites and transcriptome-wide gene expression changes mediated by WT MEF2B. Using these data I identified and validated novel MEF2B target genes. I found that target genes of MEF2B included the cancer genes MYC, TGFB1, CARD11, NDRG1, RHOB, BCL2 and JUN. Identification of target genes led to findings that WT MEF2B promotes expression of mesenchymal markers, promotes HEK293A cell migration, and inhibits DLBCL cell chemotaxis. I then investigated how K4E, Y69H and D83V mutations change MEF2Bs activity. I found that K4E, Y69H and D83V mutations decreased MEF2B DNA binding and decreased MEF2Bs capacity to promote gene expression in both HEK293A and DLBCL cells. These mutations also reduced MEF2Bs capacity to alter HEK293A and DLBCL cell movement. From these data, I hypothesize that MEF2B mutations may promote DLBCL and FL development by reducing expression of MEF2B target genes that would otherwise function to help confine germinal centre B-cells to germinal centres. Overall, my research demonstrates how observations from genome-scale data can be used to identify cellular effects of candidate driver mutations. Moreover, my work provides a unique resource for exploring the role of MEF2B in cell biology: I map for the first time the MEF2B regulome, demonstrating connections between a relatively understudied transcription factor and genes significant to oncogenesis.
MEF2B mutations in non-Hodgkin lymphoma dysregulate cell migration by decreasing MEF2B target gene activation.
Cell line, Treatment
View SamplesMyocyte enhancer factor 2B (MEF2B) is a transcription factor with somatic mutation hotspots at K4, Y69 and D83 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). The recurrence of these mutations indicates that they may drive lymphoma development. However, inferring the mechanisms by which they may drive lymphoma development was complicated by our limited understanding of MEF2B’s normal functions. To expand our understanding of the cellular activities of wildtype (WT) and mutant MEF2B, I developed and addressed two hypotheses: (1) identifying genes regulated by WT MEF2B will allow identification of cellular phenotypes affected by MEF2B activity and (2) contrasting the DNA binding sites, effects on gene expression and effects on cellular phenotypes of mutant and WT MEF2B will help refine hypotheses about how MEF2B mutations may contribute to lymphoma development. To address these hypotheses, I first identified genome-wide WT MEF2B binding sites and transcriptome-wide gene expression changes mediated by WT MEF2B. Using these data I identified and validated novel MEF2B target genes. I found that target genes of MEF2B included the cancer genes MYC, TGFB1, CARD11, NDRG1, RHOB, BCL2 and JUN. Identification of target genes led to findings that WT MEF2B promotes expression of mesenchymal markers, promotes HEK293A cell migration, and inhibits DLBCL cell chemotaxis. I then investigated how K4E, Y69H and D83V mutations change MEF2B’s activity. I found that K4E, Y69H and D83V mutations decreased MEF2B DNA binding and decreased MEF2B’s capacity to promote gene expression in both HEK293A and DLBCL cells. These mutations also reduced MEF2B’s capacity to alter HEK293A and DLBCL cell movement. From these data, I hypothesize that MEF2B mutations may promote DLBCL and FL development by reducing expression of MEF2B target genes that would otherwise function to help confine germinal centre B-cells to germinal centres. Overall, my research demonstrates how observations from genome-scale data can be used to identify cellular effects of candidate driver mutations. Moreover, my work provides a unique resource for exploring the role of MEF2B in cell biology: I map for the first time the MEF2B ‘regulome’, demonstrating connections between a relatively understudied transcription factor and genes significant to oncogenesis. Overall design: RNA-seq was performed on cells expressing V5 tagged WT or mutant MEF2B and on empty vector control cells. One biological replicates was performed on cell treated with either ionomycin or a solvent-only control.
MEF2B mutations in non-Hodgkin lymphoma dysregulate cell migration by decreasing MEF2B target gene activation.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThe p53 protein is a cell-autonomous tumor suppressor that restricts malignant transformation by triggering cell cycle exit or apoptosis. p53 also promotes cellular senescence, a program that triggers a stable cell cycle arrest and can modify the tissue microenvironment through its effect on cell membrane and secretory proteins. Here we show that specific ablation of p53 in hepatic stellate cells, which undergo a process of proliferation and senescence in the fibrogenic response to liver damage, enhances liver cirrhosis, reduces survival and increases the malignant transformation of adjacent epithelial cells into hepatocellular carcinoma. This p53-dependent senescence program involves the release of secreted proteins which skew macrophages into a tumor-inhibiting M1-state that can eliminate senescent stellate cells. In contrast, p53-deficient stellate cells secrete factors that promote M2 polarization, which is pro-tumorigenic. Our study reveals that p53 can exert a non-cell-autonomous tumor suppressor response and suggests that this occurs, in part, by its ability to influence macrophage polarization.
Non-cell-autonomous tumor suppression by p53.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesWe defined the major transcriptional responses in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) after either infection with influenza or treatment with relevant ligands. We used four different strategies, each highlighting distinct aspects of the response. (1) cells were infected with the wild-type PR8 influenza virus that can mount a complete replicative cycle. (2) cells were transfected with viral RNA (vRNA) isolated from influenza particles. This does not result in the production of viral proteins or particles and identifies the effect of RNA-sensing pathways (e.g., RIG-I.). (3) Cells were treated with interferon beta (IFNb), to distinguish the portion of the response which is mediated through Type I IFNs. (4) Cells were infected with a PR8 virus lacking the NS1 gene (DNS1). The NS1 protein normally inhibits vRNA- or IFNb-induced pathways, and its deletion can reveal an expanded response to infection.
A physical and regulatory map of host-influenza interactions reveals pathways in H1N1 infection.
Specimen part, Disease, Time
View SamplesWe used Kras/Hras/Nras-triple knockout MEFs expressing recombinant Nras to test the off-target effect of 2 Kras siRNAs at different transfection concentrations.
Development of siRNA payloads to target KRAS-mutant cancer.
Specimen part
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