Tumor growth and metastasis is controlled by paracrine signaling between cells of the tumor microenvironment and malignant cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), are functionally important components of the tumor microenvironment. Although some steps involved in the cross-talk between these cells are known, there is still a lot that is not clear. Thus, the addition of, the consideration of microenvironment in the development of the disease, to the clinical and pathological procedures (currently admitted as the consistent value cancer treatments) could lay the foundations for the development of new treatment strategies to control the disease.
Functional heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts from human colon tumors shows specific prognostic gene expression signature.
Specimen part
View SamplesSnail1 transcriptional factor is essential for triggering epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inducing tumor cell invasion. We report here that Snail1 plays also a key role in tumor associated fibroblasts since is necessary for enhancement by these cells on epithelial cells tumor invasion. Snail1 expression in fibroblast requires signals derived from tumor cells such as TGF-b; reciprocally, in fibroblasts Snail1 organizes a complex program that favors collective invasion of epithelial cells at least in part by the secretion of diffusible signaling molecules, such as prostaglandin E2. The capability of human or murine tumor-derived cancer associated fibroblasts to promote tumor invasion is associated to Snail1 expression and obliterated by Snail1 depletion. In vivo experiments show that tumor cells co-transplanted with Snail1 depleted fibroblasts show lower invasion than those xenografted with control fibroblasts. Finally Snail1 depletion in mice prevents the formation of breast tumors and decreased their invasion. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the role of Snail1 in tumor invasion is not limited to its effect in EMT but dependent on its expression in stromal fibroblasts where it orchestrates its activation and the crosstalk with epithelial cells.
Snail1-Dependent Activation of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Controls Epithelial Tumor Cell Invasion and Metastasis.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe goal of the current study was to identify changes in gene expression in the stomach muscularis that may be contributing to altered gastric motility in gastroparesis and obesity. Overall design: Stomach muscularis biopsies were obtained from human subjects with low BMI and normal gastric motility (low BMI control, n=6), subjects with high BMI but normal gastric motility (high BMI control, n=6), subjects with low BMI and gastroparesis (low BMI gastroparesis, n=6) and from subjects with high BMI and gastroparesis (High BMI gastroparesis, n=4). RNA was isolated and subjected to whole transcriptome sequencing.
Transcriptome profiling reveals significant changes in the gastric muscularis externa with obesity that partially overlap those that occur with idiopathic gastroparesis.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesAlthough heterochromatin is enriched with repressive traits, it is also actively transcribed, giving rise to large amounts of non-coding RNAs. Although these RNAs are responsible for the formation and maintenance of heterochromatin, little is known about how their transcription is regulated. Here we show that the Snail1 transcription factor represses pericentromeric transcription, acting through the H3K4 deaminase LOXL2. Since Snail1 plays a key role in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), we analyzed the regulation of mouse heterochromatin transcription in this process. At the onset of EMT, one of the major structural heterochromatin proteins, HP1a, is transiently released from heterochromatin foci in a Snail1/LOXL2dependent manner during EMT, concomitantly with a down-regulation of major satellite transcription. Global transcriptome analysis indicated that ectopic expression of heterochromatin transcripts affects the transcription profile of EMT-related genes. Additionally, preventing the down-regulation of major satellite transcripts compromised the migratory and invasive behavior of mesenchymal cells. We propose that Snail1 regulates heterochromatin transcription through the histone-modifying enzyme, LOXL2, thus creating the favorable transcriptional state necessary for completing EMT.
Regulation of heterochromatin transcription by Snail1/LOXL2 during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Cell line, Treatment
View Samplespancreas islet single-cell RNA-seq Overall design: isolated from 2 wt
Neurog3-Independent Methylation Is the Earliest Detectable Mark Distinguishing Pancreatic Progenitor Identity.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesGene expression from MDA-MB-231 cells shControl and shLOXL2.
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) oxidizes trimethylated lysine 4 in histone H3.
Cell line
View SamplesA great number of studies have investigated changes induced by morphine exposure in gene expression using several experimental models. In this study, we examined gene expression changes during chronic exposure to morphine during maturation and differentiation of zebrafish CNS.
Whole-genome expression profile in zebrafish embryos after chronic exposure to morphine: identification of new genes associated with neuronal function and mu opioid receptor expression.
Treatment
View SamplesPurpose: Characterize the role of the coactivator subunit TAF9b during differentiation of embryonic stem cells into motor neurons as well in mouse newborn spinal column tissues. Overall design: RNA-seq comparing WT and TAF9B KO mouse ES cells differentiated into motor neurons. RNA-seq comparing WT and TAF9B KO mouse newborn spinal column tissues. ChIP-seq mapping TAF9b and RNA Pol II binding sites in in vitro differentiated motor neurons.
Core promoter factor TAF9B regulates neuronal gene expression.
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Age-related variations in the methylome associated with gene expression in human monocytes and T cells.
Age
View SamplesThe MESA Epigenomics and Transcriptomics Study has been launched to investigate potential gene expression regulatory methylation sites in humans by examining the association between CpG methylation and gene expression in purified human monocytes from a large study population (community-dwelling participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)).
Age-related variations in the methylome associated with gene expression in human monocytes and T cells.
Age
View Samples