IL-4d2 is a natural splice variant of IL-4 which lacks the region encoded by the second exon. Numerous recent reports suggested that the expression levels of IL-4d2 change in various diseases, especially those with pulmonary involvement, but the effects of IL-4d2 on the lungs in vivo have never been studied. Replication-deficient adenovirus-mediated gene delivery of mouse IL-4d2 to mouse lungs in vivo was used, and the effects compared with similar adenoviral delivery of mouse IL-4 or with infection with a NULL viral construct.
Alternatively spliced variants of interleukin-4 promote inflammation differentially.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View SamplesReduced or absent cytotrophoblast invasion of the maternal uterine spiral arteries is a common clinical finding in studies of pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, suggesting that the mechanisms behind invasion of these cells is perturbed. The placenta initially develops in a low oxygen environment of 1-2% oxygen until after the 10th week of pregnancy. During this time oxygen concentration exerts a major influence over trophoblast activity and, in vitro, hypoxia inducible factors are proposed to be one of many key regulators of first trimester trophoblast behaviour. We used a global gene expression microarray approach to identify signalling pathways involved in invasion of the first trimester trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo under hypoxic conditions where HIF-1 was active. Additionally, first trimester placental samples from different gestational age groups were labelled with anti HIF-1 and HIF-2 to evaluate whether HIFs are differentially expressed and localised across the period of development characterised by hypoxia (6-8 weeks) and maternal blood perfusion (10-12 weeks). Eighty-eight genes were differentially expressed between cells cultured in 1% oxygen (where HIF-1 was localised to the nucleus) and 5% oxygen (where HIF-1 was cytoplasmic). 65% of the genes were predicted to contain HIF-1:ARNT transcription factor binding sites. Increased nuclear localisation of HIF-1 was seen in extravillous cytotrophoblasts in early first trimester compared with late, while cellular expression of HIF-2 in the villous stroma was higher in late first trimester. While HIFs and their downstream targets are clearly induced in trophoblasts during early placental development, and in vitro hypoxic conditions, the mechanism and pathways by which invasion is increased under hypoxic conditions is not clear from the gene expression profile. Further insight beyond the transcription level is required to fully understand this complex phenomenon.
Hypoxia induced HIF-1/HIF-2 activity alters trophoblast transcriptional regulation and promotes invasion.
Cell line, Treatment
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
C9ORF72 GGGGCC Expanded Repeats Produce Splicing Dysregulation which Correlates with Disease Severity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesObjective: An intronic GGGGCC-repeat expansion of C9ORF72 is the most common genetic variant of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. The mechanism of neurodegeneration is unknown, but a direct effect on RNA processing mediated by RNA foci transcribed from the repeat sequence has been proposed.
C9ORF72 GGGGCC Expanded Repeats Produce Splicing Dysregulation which Correlates with Disease Severity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Loss of nuclear TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes altered expression of splicing machinery and widespread dysregulation of RNA splicing in motor neurones.
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment
View SamplesAims: Loss of nuclear TDP-43 characterises sporadic and most familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). TDP-43 (encoded by TARDBP) has multiple roles in RNA processing. We aimed to determine whether 1) RNA splicing dysregulation is present in lower motor neurons in ALS and in a motor neuron-like cell model, and 2) TARDBP mutations (mtTARDBP) are associated with aberrant RNA splicing using patient-derived fibroblasts.
Loss of nuclear TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes altered expression of splicing machinery and widespread dysregulation of RNA splicing in motor neurones.
Specimen part
View SamplesAims: Loss of nuclear TDP-43 characterises sporadic and most familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). TDP-43 (encoded by TARDBP) has multiple roles in RNA processing. We aimed to determine whether 1) RNA splicing dysregulation is present in lower motor neurons in ALS and in a motor neuron-like cell model, and 2) TARDBP mutations (mtTARDBP) are associated with aberrant RNA splicing using patient-derived fibroblasts.
Loss of nuclear TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes altered expression of splicing machinery and widespread dysregulation of RNA splicing in motor neurones.
Specimen part
View SamplesMicroarrays were used to detail the global program of gene expression underlying differences in the organisation of inflammatory cells classified by the expression of the CD21L and IL-17A genes. Synovia were defined by the expression of the CD21L and IL-17A genes as determined by semi-quantitative PCR.
Co-expression of CD21L and IL17A defines a subset of rheumatoid synovia, characterised by large lymphoid aggregates and high inflammation.
Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage, Subject
View SamplesInvestigation of immune-cell differentiation and function is limited by shortcomings of suitable and scalable experimental systems. Here we show that retroviral delivery of an estrogen-regulated form of Hoxb8 into mouse bone marrow cells can be used along with Flt3 ligand to conditionally immortalize early hematopoietic progenitor cells (Hoxb8-FL cells). Hoxb8-FL cells have lost self-renewal capacity and potential to differentiate into megakaryocytes and erythrocytes but retain the potential to differentiate into myeloid and lymphoid cells. They differentiate in vitro and in vivo into macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes that are phenotypically and functionally indistinguishable from their primary counterparts. Quantitative in vitro assays indicate that myeloid and B-cell potential of Hoxb8-FL cells is comparable to that of primary lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors, whereas T-cell potential is diminished. The simplicity of this system and the unlimited proliferative capacity of Hoxb8-FL cells will enable studies of immune-cell differentiation and function.
Hematopoietic progenitor cell lines with myeloid and lymphoid potential.
Specimen part
View SamplesTranscription profiling of wild type, relA-, and relA-spoT-, crp-, dksA-, rpoS-, lrp- mutant strains of E. coli starved for isoleucine
The global, ppGpp-mediated stringent response to amino acid starvation in Escherichia coli.
No sample metadata fields
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