Relatively little is known about how the identity of early neuronal stem cells changes before and after neural tube closure (neurulation). We performed RNA sequencing on microdissected forebrain precursors and revealed sharp reductions in expresion of protein biosynthetic machinery after neurulation. These reductions were paralleled by down-regulation of Myc, which regulated forebrain precursor ribosome ribosome biogenesis. To study consequences of Myc dysregulation, we overexpressed Myc in Nestin+ neural progenitors, sorted these progenitors for RNA sequencing, and identified 135 genes that are differentially expressed between Myc-overexpressed embryos and their wildtype littermates. Overall design: The first RNA sequencing dataset contains micordissected neuroepithelium from E8.5 and E10.5 mouse embryos, two biological replicates for each age. The second RNA sequencing dataset contain FACS isolated Pax6+ neural progenitors form the cortex of E13.5 MYC-overexpressed embryos and their wildtype littermates, three biological replicates for each genotype.
Downregulation of ribosome biogenesis during early forebrain development.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesA sheet of choroid plexus epithelial cells extends into each cerebral ventricle and secretes signaling factors into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To evaluate whether differences in the CSF proteome across ventricles arise, in part, from regional differences in choroid plexus gene expression, we defined the transcriptome of lateral ventricle (telencephalic) vs. fourth ventricle (hindbrain) choroid plexus. We find that positional identities of mouse, macaque, and human choroid plexi derive from gene expression domains that parallel their axial tissues of origin. We then show that molecular heterogeneity between telencephalic and hindbrain choroid plexi contributes to region-specific, age-dependent protein secretion in vitro. Transcriptome analysis of FACS-purified choroid plexus epithelial cells also predicts their cell type-specific secretome. Spatial domains with distinct protein expression profiles were observed within each choroid plexus. We propose that regional differences between choroid plexi contribute to dynamic signaling gradients across the mammalian cerebroventricular system. Overall design: Two-factor design with two levels per factor and n=2 biological replicates. Lateral (telencephalic) and fourth (hindbrain) choroid plexus samples are paired in that they are isolated from the same brains.
Spatially heterogeneous choroid plexus transcriptomes encode positional identity and contribute to regional CSF production.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesExtracellular vesicles (EVs) enable cell-to-cell communication in the nervous system essential for development and adult function. Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) complex proteins regulate EV formation and release. Recent work shows loss of function (LOF) mutations in, CHMP1A, which encodes one ESCRT-III member, cause autosomal recessive microcephaly with pontocerebellar hypoplasia in humans (Mochida et al., 2012). Here we show CHMP1A is required for maintenance of progenitors in human cerebral organoids and that mouse Chmp1a is required for progenitor proliferation in cortex and cerebellum and specifically for sonic hedgehog (SHH) mediated proliferation through SHH secretion. CHMP1A mutation reduces intraluminal vesicle (ILV) formation in multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and EV release. SHH protein is present on a subset of EVs marked by a unique set of proteins we call ART-EVs. CHMP1A's requirement in formation of ART-EVs and other EVs provides a model to elucidate EV functions in multiple brain processes. Overall design: Gene expression profiling in a hiPSC WT line and a hiPSC CHMP1A null line. Comparative analysis by RNA-seq in hIPSCs and directed differentiation to cerebral organoids. Treatment with smoothened agonist (SAG) was used for examination of SHH dependent response in WT and CHMP1A null organoids.
The ESCRT-III Protein CHMP1A Mediates Secretion of Sonic Hedgehog on a Distinctive Subtype of Extracellular Vesicles.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesWe investigated the effects of diabetes, physical training, and their combination on the gene expression of cardiac muscle. Mice were divided to control (C), training (T), streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D), and diabetic training (DT) groups. Training groups performed 1, 3, or 5 weeks of endurance training on a motor-driven treadmill. Muscle samples from T and DT groups together with respective controls were collected 24 hours after the last training session. Gene expression of cardiac muscles were analyzed using Affymetrix Gene chip MG U74Av2 (Affymetrix , Inc., Santa Clara, CA).
Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and physical training on gene expression of titin-based stretch-sensing complexes in mouse striated muscle.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesExperiment protocol:
Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and physical training on gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins in mouse skeletal muscle.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesGene expression was studied from the blood derived RNAs of the Finnish family members as well as from 10 controls using GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus2 (Affymetrix). Eight out of 10 family members in the expression analysis are heterozygous for the NPAT c.2437-2438delAG, three of which are NLPHL cases.
Exome sequencing reveals germline NPAT mutation as a candidate risk factor for Hodgkin lymphoma.
Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Multi-level omics analysis in a murine model of dystrophin loss and therapeutic restoration.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a classical monogenic disorder, a model disease for genomic studies and a priority candidate for regenerative medicine and gene therapy. Although the genetic cause of DMD is well known, the molecular pathogenesis of disease and the response to therapy are incompletely understood. Here,we describe analyses of protein, mRNA and microRNA expression in the tibialis anterior of the mdx mouse model of DMD. Notably, 3272 proteins were quantifiable and 525 identified as differentially expressed in mdx muscle (P < 0.01). Therapeutic restoration of dystrophin by exon skipping induced widespread shifts in protein and mRNA expression towards wild-type expression levels, whereas the miRNome was largely unaffected. Comparison analyses between datasets showed that protein and mRNA ratios were only weakly correlated (r = 0.405), and identified a multitude of differentially affected cellular pathways, upstream regulators and predicted miRNAtarget interactions. This study provides fundamental new insights into gene expression and regulation in dystrophic muscle.
Multi-level omics analysis in a murine model of dystrophin loss and therapeutic restoration.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesCells release nano-sized membrane vesicles that are involved in intercellular communication by transferring biological information between cells. It is generally accepted that cells release at least three types of these extracellular vesicles (EVs): apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes. Whilst exosomes are assumed to be a homogenous population of EVs, they have a wide range of putative functions. Therefore, we hypothesized that cells release subpopulations of exosomes with distinct molecular compositions and functional properties. Exosomes were isolated from conditioned medium by differential ultracentrifugation. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the resulting exosome pellet revealed the presence of two distinct subpopulations, one smaller, slow migrating population (HD-Exo), and one fast migrating, larger population (LD-Exo).
Cells release subpopulations of exosomes with distinct molecular and biological properties.
Specimen part
View SamplesGene expression analysis of BJhTERT RhoA-KO and PC3 mRFP was performed before and after six days confrontation in co-cultivation. Analyses of original and control fibroblasts was also performed.
RhoA knockout fibroblasts lose tumor-inhibitory capacity in vitro and promote tumor growth in vivo.
Specimen part
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