Microglia are phagocytic cells that survey the brain and perform neuroprotective functions in response to tissue damage, but their activating receptors are largely unknown. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a microglial immunoreceptor whose loss-of-function mutations in humans cause presenile dementia, while genetic variants are associated with increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. In myeloid cells, TREM2 has been involved in the regulation of phagocytosis, cell proliferation and inflammatory responses in vitro. However, it is unknown how TREM2 contributes to microglia function in vivo. Here, we identify a critical role for TREM2 in the activation and function of microglia during cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination. TREM2-deficient (TREM2(-/-)) mice had defective clearance of myelin debris and more axonal pathology, resulting in impaired clinical performances compared to wild-type (WT) mice. TREM2(-/-) microglia proliferated less in areas of demyelination and were less activated, displaying a more resting morphology and decreased expression of the activation markers MHC II and inducible nitric oxide synthase as compared to WT. Mechanistically, gene expression and ultrastructural analysis of microglia suggested a defect in myelin degradation and phagosome processing during CPZ intoxication in TREM2(-/-) microglia. These findings place TREM2 as a key regulator of microglia activation in vivo in response to tissue damage.
TREM2 regulates microglial cell activation in response to demyelination in vivo.
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View SamplesE-cadherin, a protein encoded by the CDH1 gene is the dominant epithelial cell adhesion molecule playing a crucial role in epithelial tissue polarity and structural integrity. The progression of 90% or more carcinomas is believed to be mediated by disruption of normal E-cadherin expression, subcellular localization or function. Despite the strong correlation between E-cadherin loss and malignancy the mechanism through how this occurs is not known in most sporadic and hereditary epithelial carcinomas. Previous works have shown the importance of CDH1 intron 2 sequences for proper gene and protein expression supporting the possibility of these being cis-modulators of E-cadherin expression/function. but when co-expressed it led to reduced cell-cell adhesiveness, increased invasion and angiogenesis. By expression array analysis, IFITM1 and IFI27 levels were found to be increased upon CDH1a overexpression. Importantly, CDH1a was found to be de novo expressed in gastric cancer cell lines when compared to normal stomach.
Transcription initiation arising from E-cadherin/CDH1 intron2: a novel protein isoform that increases gastric cancer cell invasion and angiogenesis.
Specimen part, Cell line
View SamplesWe report RNAseq analysis of the transcriptome of 3 biological replicates of bovine retina Overall design: Examine retinal transcriptome of 3 biological replicates with tissue collected between 7:00 - 10:00AM
Argonaute high-throughput sequencing of RNAs isolated by cross-linking immunoprecipitation reveals a snapshot of miRNA gene regulation in the mammalian retina.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesThe effect of the overexpression of a stabilized version of the transcription factor RELATED TO APETALA2.12 (RAP2.12) on the transcriptome of Arabidopsis rosettes was investigated. To this purpose, 4-week old rosette of wild-type and 35S:13RAP2.12 plants were compared. Samples were composed of pools of 3 plants.
Age-dependent regulation of ERF-VII transcription factor activity in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesHRE1 and HRE2 are two ERF transcription factors induced by low oxygen. In this work we analyzed the effect of ectopic expression of HRE1 and HRE2 on the arabidopsis transcriptome in aerobic and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. While HRE1 has a moderate effect on the expression of anaerobic genes under hypoxia, HRE2 does not affect them either under aerobic or hypoxic conditions.
HRE1 and HRE2, two hypoxia-inducible ethylene response factors, affect anaerobic responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Age, Treatment
View SamplesDazl (deleted in azoospermia like) is a member of the DAZ family of germ cell-restricted RNA binding proteins required for gametogenesis from worm to human. The direct RNA targets and functions of these essential proteins are poorly understood. Here, we generated high-resolution, transcriptome-wide maps of Dazl-RNA interactions in mouse testes. These maps provide important insights into the mechanism of Dazl recruitment to mRNA and reveal Dazl binding to thousands of mRNAs predominantly through sequence-specific interactions near the polyA tail. Using transgenic mice and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), we isolated DAZL knockout germ cells and used RNA-Seq to identify mRNAs sensitive to DAZL-ablation. Intersecting the RNA-Seq and Dazl-RNA interaction datasets revealed that Dazl enhances expression of a subset of directly-bound transcripts, namely mRNAs for a network of essential cell cycle regulatory genes. Collectively, our integrative analysis delineates a Dazl-dependent post-transcriptional gene regulatory program essential for mammalian germ cell maintenance. Overall design: PolyA Seq libraries generated from isolated spermatogonial cells
DAZL Regulates Germ Cell Survival through a Network of PolyA-Proximal mRNA Interactions.
Sex, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesIn this study we analyzed the effect of overexpression of an HA-tagged version of the ERF RAP2.12 on the transcriptome levels in aerobic and hypoxic-treated (O2 21% and 1%, respectively) Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes.
Oxygen sensing in plants is mediated by an N-end rule pathway for protein destabilization.
Treatment
View SamplesThis study analyzes transcriptomic data of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 and overexpression lines of Hypoxia Response Attenuator (HRA1; At3g10040) with Col-0 background (OE-HRA1). Two independent transgenic lines of OE-HRA1 were considered as biological replicates (OE-HRA1#1 and OE-HRA1#2). Seven-day-old seedlings were treated either with or without hypoxia (low oxygen) stress for 2 hours. This dataset includes CEL files, RMA signal values and MAS5 P/M/A calls from total mRNA populations. Quantitative profiling of cellular mRNAs was accomplished with the Affymetrix ATH1 platform.
A trihelix DNA binding protein counterbalances hypoxia-responsive transcriptional activation in Arabidopsis.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesRice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds can germinate in complete absence of oxygen. Under anoxia, the rice coleoptile elongates, reaching a length greater than that of the aerobic one. In this series, we compare the transcriptome of rice coleoptiles grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Transcript profiling of the anoxic rice coleoptile.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Plant cysteine oxidases control the oxygen-dependent branch of the N-end-rule pathway.
Age, Specimen part, Treatment
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