The aim of this study is to profile gene expression dynamics during the in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells into ventral motor neurons. Expression levels were profiled using Affymetrix microarrays at six timepoints during in vitro differentiation: ES cells (Day 0), embryoid bodies (Day 2), retinoid induction of neurogenesis (Day 2 +8hours of exposure to retinoic acid), neural precursors (Day 3), progenitor motor neurons (Day 4), postmitotic motor neurons (Day 7).
Ligand-dependent dynamics of retinoic acid receptor binding during early neurogenesis.
Cell line
View SamplesThis experiment was specifically designed to measure neural targets of Shh signaling, we sought to profile the genes upregulated by Hh signaling in the ventral neural tube to obtain a valid dataset. To obtain ventral-specific markers, we generated retinoic acid-treated EBs grown in the presence or absence of HH-Ag. We did not observe induction of ventral Hh markers in RA-treated constitutive Gli1FLAG EBs and used these for the control, baseline set. The presence of FoxA2, Nkx2.9 and Nkx6.1 amongst the top 10 genes based on expression levels suggests that profiling significantly enriches for Hh-dependent cell types. As expected, the benchmark standard Gli1 was not up-regulated in our array, since it is constitutively expressed in the control as well.
Genomic characterization of Gli-activator targets in sonic hedgehog-mediated neural patterning.
No sample metadata fields
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Saltatory remodeling of Hox chromatin in response to rostrocaudal patterning signals.
Specimen part, Cell line, Time
View SamplesWe aim to understand the role that Cdx2 plays in specifying the rostro-caudal identity of differentiating motor neurons. We find that expressing Cdx2 in combination with FGF signaling is sufficient to produce motor neurons with a more caudal identity. ChIP-seq analysis of Cdx2 finds that it binds extensively throughout the Hox regions in progenitor motor neurons. Analysis of polycomb-associated chromatin over Hox regions in the subsequently generated motor neurons finds that Cdx2 binding corresponds to chromatin domains encompassing de-repressed caudal Hox genes. These results suggest a direct role for Cdx2 in specifying caudal motor neuron identity.
Saltatory remodeling of Hox chromatin in response to rostrocaudal patterning signals.
Specimen part, Cell line, Time
View SamplesSuz12(Bgal/Bgal) ESCs express a truncated form of Suz12 fused to Beta-galactosidase. These cells maintain a reduced level of H3K27me3 despite this mutation to a core component of PRC2, unlike Eed-/- ESCs whose H3K27me3 is ablated. Overall design: RNA-seq was performed in wild type and Suz12(Bgal/Bgal) ESCs, here used to demonstrate the coverage of the Suz12 gene in mRNA reads.
Saltatory remodeling of Hox chromatin in response to rostrocaudal patterning signals.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesInfection is a major complication and cause of mortality and morbidity after acute stroke however the mechanisms are poorly understood. After experimental stroke the microarchitecture and cellular composition of the spleen are extensively disrupted resulting in deficits to immune function.
Experimental Stroke Differentially Affects Discrete Subpopulations of Splenic Macrophages.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesIt is well-established that neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system are terminally differentiated and, if injured, will be unable to regenerate their connections. In contrast to mammals, zebrafish and other teleosts display a robust neuroregenerative response. Following optic nerve crush (ONX), retinal ganglion cells (RGC) regrow their axons to synapse with topographically correct targets in the optic tectum, such that vision is restored in ~21 days. What accounts for these differences between teleostean and mammalian responses to neural injury is not fully understood. A time course analysis of global gene expression patterns in the zebrafish eye after optic nerve crush can help to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to a successful neuroregeneration.
Time Course Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns in Zebrafish Eye During Optic Nerve Regeneration.
Specimen part
View SamplesBackground: Transposable elements are known to influence the regulation of some genes. We aimed to determine which genes show altered gene expression when transposable elements are epigenetically activated.
Genome-wide identification of genes regulated in trans by transposable element small interfering RNAs.
Specimen part
View SamplesTransfer cells (TCs) play important roles in facilitating enhanced rates of nutrient transport at key apoplasmic/symplasmic junctions along the nutrient acquisition and transport pathways in plants. TCs achieve this capacity by developing elaborate wall ingrowth networks which serve to increase plasma membrane surface area thus increasing the cell's surface area-to-volume ratio to achieve increased flux of nutrients across the plasma membrane. Phloem parenchyma (PP) cells of Arabidopsis leaf veins trans-differentiate to become PP TCs which likely function in a two-step phloem loading mechanism by facilitating unloading of photoassimilates into the apoplasm for subsequent energy-dependent uptake into the sieve element/companion cell (SE/CC) complex. We are using PP TCs in Arabidopsis as a genetic model to identify transcription factors involved in coordinating deposition of the wall ingrowth network. Confocal imaging of pseudo-Schiff propidium iodide-stained tissue revealed different profiles of temporal development of wall ingrowth deposition across maturing cotyledons and juvenile leaves, and a basipetal gradient of deposition across mature adult leaves. RNA-Seq analysis was undertaken to identify differentially expressed genes common to these three different profiles of wall ingrowth deposition. This analysis identified 68 transcription factors up-regulated two-fold or more in at least two of the three experimental comparisons, with six of these transcription factors belonging to Clade III of the NAC-domain family. Phenotypic analysis of these NAC genes using insertional mutants revealed significant reductions in levels of wall ingrowth deposition, particularly in a double mutant of NAC056 and NAC018, as well as compromised sucrose-dependent root growth, indicating impaired capacity for phloem loading. Collectively, these results support the proposition that Clade III members of the NAC domain family in Arabidopsis play important roles in regulating wall ingrowth deposition in PP TCs. Overall design: The sampling enabled three different temporal and spatial pair-wise comparisons for RNA-Seq analysis, namely: (i) cotyledons at Day 5 vs Day 10; (ii) Leaf 1 and Leaf 2 (first juvenile leaves) at Day 10 vs Day 16; and (iii) basal vs apical third (base vs tip) of Leaf 12 at Day 31. This analysis provided temporal and spatial comparisons of tissues with absent vs abundant wall ingrowth deposition in phloem parenchyma transfer cells.
Transcript Profiling Identifies NAC-Domain Genes Involved in Regulating Wall Ingrowth Deposition in Phloem Parenchyma Transfer Cells of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesSubpopulations of human fetal thymocyte and circulating nave T cells were obtained through FACS sorting, including CD3-CD4+CD8- intrathymic T progenitor cells (ITTP), CD3intCD4+CD8+ "double positive" thymocytes (DP), CD3highCD4+CD8- "single positive" thymocytes (SP4), CD3+CD4+CD8-CD45RA+CD62L+ nave T cells from cord blood (CB4+), and CD3+CD4+CD8-CD45RA+CD62L+ nave T cells from adult blood (AB4+).
Gene expression profiles during human CD4+ T cell differentiation.
No sample metadata fields
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