The global impact of DNA methylation on alternative splicing is largely unknown. Using a genome-wide approach in wild-type and methylation-deficient embryonic stem cells, we found that DNA methylation can act both as an enhancer and as a silencer of splicing, and affects the splicing of more than 20% of alternative exons. These exons are characterized by distinct genetic and epigenetic signatures. Alternative splicing regulation of a subset of these exons can be explained by Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), which silences or enhances exon recognition in a position-dependent manner. We constructed an experimental system using site-specific targeting of a methylated/unmethylated gene, and demonstrate a direct causal relationship between DNA methylation and alternative splicing. HP1 regulates this gene’s alternative splicing in a methylation-dependent manner by recruiting splicing factors to its methylated form. Our results demonstrate DNA methylation''s significant global influence on mRNA splicing, and identify a specific mechanism of splicing regulation mediated by HP1. Overall design: BS-seq on WT mouse ES cells (2 replicates), MNase-seq on WT and TKO cells (3 replicates), mRNA-seq on WT and TKO cells as well as HP1 knock-down cells (2 replicates for each sample)
HP1 is involved in regulating the global impact of DNA methylation on alternative splicing.
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View SamplesInflammatory mediators play a role in the pathogenesis/progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). The aim of the present study was to identify diagnostic/prognostic markers and gene expression profiles of CHF vs control.
Gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic heart failure patients.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesSamples 1-4 report RNA-seq transcriptome profiling of the L-Proline- (L-Pro) and bFgf/ActivinA- (F/A) derived mCherry+/eGFP+ (yellow) ESC population, using the Illumina HiSeq platform. Whole-genome expression revealed that more than 1000 genes were significantly deregulated in L-Pro- and F/A-induced cells compared to control (mCherry+/eGFP- red cells) and the two population shared up to 75% of deregulated genes with the same deregulation trend. Specifically, the pluripotency-associated genes were downregulated either at similar level (Nanog, Klf2, Klf4 and Gbx2) or at lower levels (up to 10 times) (Dppa 2, 3, 4, 5a, Rex1, Esrrb) in F/A- compared to L-Pro-treated cells. Interestingly, mesendodermal-related genes (e.g. Brachyury, Cer1, Dkk1, Eomes, Foxa2, and Sox17) were induced in both conditions but at significant higher levels in F/A- compared to L-Pro-treated cells. The transcriptome analysis of mCherry+/eGFP+ (yellow) cells supported the idea that L-Pro mimics F/A in inducing a naïve to primed transition, and suggested that it exerted a milder (weaker) effect. Samples 5-14 report RNA-seq transcriptome profiling of the mir-290_mCherry/mir-302_eGFP dual reporter ESCs (DRESCs) bulk culture, grown in FBS/LIF ± VitaminC (VitC) and L-Proline (L-Pro) and compared them to the standard naive/2i and primed/bFgf/ActivinA-EpiSCs (F/A), using the Illumina HiSeq platform. Whole-genome expression identified around 7900 deregulated genes in the different conditions, (fold change=2 and pvalue<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) placed VitC between 2i and untreated control, and L-Pro between control and F/A. Accordingly, a set of pluripotency-associated genes was expressed at higher level in 2i and VitC conditions, while downregulated in L-Pro and F/A, compared to control. Conversely, priming markers were downregulated in 2i and VitC and upregulated in L-Pro and F/A compared to control The transcriptome analysis supported that VitC- and L-Pro captured alternative pluripotency states that can be likely placed between naïve/2i and primed/F/A states. Overall design: RNA-seq profiling of ESCs grown in FBS/LIF ± VitC, 2i, L-Pro or F/A, using the Illumina HiSeq platform
Vitamin C and l-Proline Antagonistic Effects Capture Alternative States in the Pluripotency Continuum.
Cell line, Subject
View SamplesIn order to identify genes that are activated in differentiating WT ESCs, but are missing in Tal-1-/- and Runx1-/- ESCs, and which might be involved in the generation of definitive hematopoietic progenitors and their specification thereafter, we performed microarray analyses on purified Flk-1+ cells, differentiated from these ESCs for 4, 5, and 6 days in vitro.
Ectopic Runx1 expression rescues Tal-1-deficiency in the generation of primitive and definitive hematopoiesis.
Specimen part, Cell line, Time
View SamplesAQM shows acute muscle wasting and weakness. Key aspects of AQM include muscle atrophy and myofilament loss. Gene expression profiling, using muscle biopsies from AQM, neurogenic atrophy and normal controls, showed that both myogenic and neurogenic atrophy share induction of myofiber-specific ubiquitin/proteosome pathways while only the AQM shows a specific strong induction of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/MAPK pathways.
Constitutive activation of MAPK cascade in acute quadriplegic myopathy.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesIntracranial B16 melanoma tumors isolated from C57Bl6 mice were analyzed by mRNAseq. Four experimental groups were analyzed: (1) Mice with intracranial tumors receiving IgG; (2) Mice with intracranial tumors receiving anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 therapy; (3) Mice with intracranial plus extracranial tumors receiving IgG; (4) Mice with intracranial plus extracranial tumors receiving anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Taggart et al., PNAS 2018; Overall design: mRNAseq profiles of intracranial B16 tumours at day 9 post-cancer cell implantation were generated for 4 different experimental groups (biological triplicates)
Anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 efficacy in melanoma brain metastases depends on extracranial disease and augmentation of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell trafficking.
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment, Subject
View SamplesThe transcriptional co-regulator IRF2BP1 gets de-SUMOylated after EGF treatment in Hela cells. SUMOylation of IRF2BP1 occurs at position K579.
Transient deSUMOylation of IRF2BP proteins controls early transcription in EGFR signaling.
Cell line, Treatment
View SamplesThe Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) encoding the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 kinase defines a subset of ALL with a particularly unfavorable prognosis. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells are derived from B cell precursors in most cases and typically carry rearranged immunglobulin heavy chain (IGH) variable (V) region genes devoid of somatic mutations. Somatic hypermutation is restricted to mature germinal center B cells and depends on activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Studying AID expression in 108 cases of ALL, we detected AID mRNA in 24 of 28 Ph-positive ALLs as compared to 6 of 80 Ph-negative ALLs. Forced expression of BCR-ABL1 in Ph-negative ALL cells and inhibition of the BCR-ABL1-kinase showed that aberrant expression of AID depends on BCR-ABL1 kinase activity. Consistent with aberrant AID expression in Ph-positive ALL, IGH V region genes and BCL6 were mutated in many Ph-positive but unmutated in most Ph-negative cases. In addition, AID introduced DNA-single-strand breaks within the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2B in Ph-positive ALL cells, which was sensitive to BCR-ABL1 kinase inhibition and silencing of AID expression by RNA interference. These findings identify AID as a BCR-ABL1-induced mutator in Ph-positive ALL cells, which may be relevant with respect to the particularly unfavorable prognosis of this leukemia subset.
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase acts as a mutator in BCR-ABL1-transformed acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
SUMOylation-dependent LRH-1/PROX1 interaction promotes atherosclerosis by decreasing hepatic reverse cholesterol transport.
Specimen part
View SamplesTranscript data from LRH-1 WT and LRH-1 K289R jejunums from mice fed ad libitum and sacrificed at 7 am
SUMOylation-dependent LRH-1/PROX1 interaction promotes atherosclerosis by decreasing hepatic reverse cholesterol transport.
Specimen part
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