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GSE21164
Homo sapiens
16 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Ischaemic preconditioning is a method of protecting tissue against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. It is an innate protective mechanism that increases a tissue's tolerance to prolonged ischaemia when it is first subjected to short burst of ischaemia and reperfusion. It is thought to provide this protection by increasing the tissue's tolerance to ischaemia, therby reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the preconditioned tissue.
Publication Title
Transcriptional responses in the adaptation to ischaemia-reperfusion injury: a study of the effect of ischaemic preconditioning in total knee arthroplasty patients.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Time
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
PTEN loss or PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation correlates with human prostate cancer progression and metastasis. However, in preclinical murine models, deletion of Pten alone fails to mimic the significant metastatic burden that frequently accompanies the end stage of human disease. To identify additional pathway alterations that cooperate with PTEN loss in prostate cancer progression, we surveyed human prostate cancer tissue microarrays and found that the RAS/MAPK pathway is significantly elevated both in primary and metastatic lesions. In an attempt to model this event, we crossed conditional activatable K-rasG12D/WT mice with the prostate conditional Pten deletion model we previously generated. Although RAS activation alone cannot initiate prostate cancer development, it significantly accelerated progression caused by PTEN loss, accompanied by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and macrometastasis with 100% penitence. A novel stem/progenitor subpopulation with mesenchymal characteristics was isolated from the compound mutant prostates, which was highly metastatic upon orthotopic transplantation. Importantly, inhibition of RAS/MAPK signaling by PD325901, a MEK inhibitor, significantly reduced the metastatic progression initiated from transplanted stem/progenitor cells. Collectively, these data indicate that activation of RAS/MAPK signaling serves as a potentiating second hit to alteration of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis and co-targeting both pathways is highly effective in preventing the development of metastatic prostate cancers.
Publication Title
Pten loss and RAS/MAPK activation cooperate to promote EMT and metastasis initiated from prostate cancer stem/progenitor cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 22 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
In this experiments different treatments were applied to lung cancer cell lines
Publication Title
Ingenuity network-assisted transcription profiling: Identification of a new pharmacologic mechanism for MK886.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 8 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 Array (mouse430a2)
Description
Alteration of the PTEN/PI3K pathway is associated with late stage and castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, how PTEN loss involves in CRPC development is not clear. Here we show that castration-resistant growth is an intrinsic property of Pten-null prostate cancer (CaP) cells, independent of cancer development stage.PTEN loss suppresses androgen-responsive gene expressions by modulating androgen receptor (AR) transcription factor activity. Conditional deletion of AR in the epithelium promotes the proliferation of Pten-null cancer cells, at least in part, by down-regulating androgen-responsive gene FKBP5 and preventing PHLPP-mediated AKT inhibition. Our findings identify PI3K and AR pathway crosstalk as a mechanism of CRPC development, with potentially important implications for CaP etiology and therapy
Publication Title
Cell autonomous role of PTEN in regulating castration-resistant prostate cancer growth.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Time
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 14 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133A 2.0 Array (hgu133a2)
Description
Huh7/5-2 cells (Binder et al., Hepatology 2007) were mock infected (DMEM) (time points 4 and 48 h) or infected with the chimeric HCV virus Jc1 (Pietschmann et al., PNAS 2006) (all time points).
Publication Title
Viral immune modulators perturb the human molecular network by common and unique strategies.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Time
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/AKT and RAS/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway coactivation in the prostate epithelium promotes both epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), which is currently incurable. To study the dynamic regulation of the EMT process, we developed novel genetically defined cellular and in vivo model systems from which epithelial, EMT and mesenchymal-like tumor cells with Pten deletion and Kras activation can be isolated. When cultured individually, each population has the capacity to regenerate all three tumor cell populations, indicative of epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity. Despite harboring the same genetic alterations, mesenchymal-like tumor cells are resistant to PI3K and MAPK pathway inhibitors, suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms may regulate the EMT process, as well as dictate the heterogeneous responses of cancer cells to therapy. Among differentially expressed epigenetic regulators, the chromatin remodeling protein HMGA2 is significantly upregulated in EMT and mesenchymal-like tumors cells, as well as in human mCRPC. Knockdown of HMGA2, or suppressing HMGA2 expression with the histone deacetylase inhibitor LBH589, inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity and stemness activities in vitro and markedly reduces tumor growth and metastasis in vivo through successful targeting of EMT and mesenchymal-like tumor cells. Importantly, LBH589 treatment in combination with castration prevents mCRPC development and significantly prolongs survival following castration by enhancing p53 and androgen receptor acetylation and in turn sensitizing castration-resistant mesenchymal-like tumor cells to androgen deprivation therapy. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that cellular plasticity is regulated epigenetically, and that mesenchymal-like tumor cell populations in mCRPC that are resistant to conventional and targeted therapies can be effectively treated with the epigenetic inhibitor LBH589. Overall design: RNA was extracted from pooled Epithelial, EMT and Mesenchymal-like tumor cells isolated by FACS sorting CD45-CD31-Ter119-EpCAM+GFP-, CD45-CD31-Ter119-EpCAM+GFP+, and CD45-CD31-Ter119-EpCAM-GFP+ cells, respectively, from the prostates of 10-12 week old Pb-Cre+/-;PtenL/L;KrasG12D/+;Vim-GFP (CPKV) mice (n=17) and separated into two technical replicates. Paired-end sequencing data with read lengths of 100 bp were generated using the Illumina HiSeq2000 system.
Publication Title
HDAC inhibition impedes epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and suppresses metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 29 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
To probe the tissue source (cancer cell VS stromal cell) of gene expression in the mixed tumor samples, we took advantage of a set of Urothelial Cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models given that the transcriptome in these models is a mixture of human RNA (derived from cancer cells) and mouse RNA (derived from stromal cells). Overall design: The cohort includes 5 different patient-derived PDX models, 3 replicates for each model, and thus a total of 15 samples
Publication Title
EMT- and stroma-related gene expression and resistance to PD-1 blockade in urothelial cancer.
Sample Metadata Fields
Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 32 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 1500
Description
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are crucial components of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment essential for regulating self-renewal, survival and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) in the stem cell niche. MSC are functionally and phenotypically altered in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), contributing to disease progression. MDS MSC do not harbor recurrent genetic alterations but have been shown to exhibit an altered methylome compared to MSC from healthy controls. We examined growth, differentiation and HSPC-supporting capacity of ex vivo expanded MSC from MDS patients in comparison to age-matched healthy controls after direct treatment in vitro with the hypomethylating agent azacitidine (AZA). We show that AZA exerts a direct effect on MSC by modulating their differentiation potential. Osteogenesis was significantly boosted in healthy MSC while adipogenesis was inhibited in both healthy and MDS MSC. In co-culture experiments, both AZA treated MDS MSC and healthy MSC exhibited enhanced support of non-clonal HSPC which was associated with increased cell cycle induction. Conversely, clonal MDS HSPC were inhibited by contact with AZA treated MSC. RNA-sequencing analyses of stromal cells revealed changes in pathways essential for HSPC support as well as in immune regulatory pathways. In sum, our data demonstrate that AZA treatment of stromal cells leads to upregulation of HSPC-supportive genes and cell cycle induction in co-cultured healthy HSPC, resulting in a proliferative advantage over clonal HSPC. Thus, restoration of functional hematopoiesis by AZA may be driven by activated stromal support factors in MSC providing cell cycle cues to healthy HSPC. Overall design: RNA sequencing was performed on a mesenchymal stromal cell line (EL08-1D2), either untreated or treated with Azacitidine [(-)AZA vs. (+)AZA].
Publication Title
Direct modulation of the bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell compartment by azacitidine enhances healthy hematopoiesis.
Sample Metadata Fields
Treatment, Subject
View Samples- Rattus norvegicus
- 15 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Rat Gene 1.0 ST Array (ragene10st)
Description
Neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells in response to NGF is a prototypical model in which signal duration determines a biological response. Sustained ERK activity induced by NGF, as compared to transient activity induced by EGF, is critical to the differentiation of these cells. To characterize the transcriptional program activated preferentially by NGF, we compared global gene expression profiles between cells treated with NGF and EGF for 2-4 hrs, when sustained ERK signaling in response to NGF is most distinct from the transient signal elicited by EGF. This analysis identified 69 genes that were preferentially upregulated in response to NGF.
Publication Title
Global expression analysis identified a preferentially nerve growth factor-induced transcriptional program regulated by sustained mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AP-1 protein activation during PC12 cell differentiation.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line, Time
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
We propose the hypothesis that loss of estrogen receptor function which leads to endocrine resistance in breast cancer, also results in de-differentiation from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype that is responsible for increased aggressiveness and metastatic propensity. siRNA mediated silencing of the estrogen receptor in MCF7 breast cancer cells resulted in estrogen/tamoxifen resistant cells (pII) with altered morphology, increased motility with rearrangement and switch from an actin to a vimentin based cytoskeleton, and ability to invade simulated components of the extracellular matrix. Phenotypic profiling using an Affymetrix Human Genome U133 plus 2.0 GeneChip indicated fold changes 3 in approximately 2500 identifiable unique sequences, with about 1270 of these being up-regulated in pII cells. Changes were associated with genes whose products are involved in cell motility, loss of cellular adhesion and interaction with the extracellular matrix. Selective analysis of the data also showed a shift from luminal to basal cell markers and increased expression of a wide spectrum of genes normally associated with mesenchymal characteristics, with consequent loss of epithelial specific markers. Over-expression of several peptide growth factors and their receptors are indicative of an increased contribution to the higher proliferative rates of pII cells as well as aiding their potential for metastatic activity. Signalling molecules that have been identified as key transcriptional drivers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition were also found to be elevated in pII cells. We suggest that these data support our hypothesis that induced loss of estrogen receptor in previously antiestrogen sensitive cells is a trigger for the concomitant loss of endocrine dependence and onset of a series of possibly parallel events that changes the cell from an epithelial to a mesenchymal type. Inhibition of this transition through targeting of specific mediators may be a useful supplementary strategy to circumvent the effects of loss of endocrine sensitivity.
Publication Title
Estrogen receptor silencing induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line
View Samples