Our previous study using nude rats revealed that the parental JDCaP xenografts predominantly expressed full-length androgen receptor (AR) whereas the relapsed JDCaP xenografts after castration acquired AR splice variants including AR-V7 and ARv567es. To understand molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of AR splice variants in the JDCaP model, we performed microarray analysis using RNA samples of the xenografts without castration (Parent), the relapsed xenografts overexpressing full-length AR and AR-V7 (ARhiV7hi), and the relapsed xenografts expressing ARv567es (ARv567es).
The RNA helicase DDX39B and its paralog DDX39A regulate androgen receptor splice variant AR-V7 generation.
Specimen part
View SamplesGlobal DNA hypomethylation and DNA hypermethylation of promoter regionsincluding tumor suppressor genesare frequently detected in human cancers. Although many studies have suggested a contribution to carcinogenesis, it is still unclear whether the aberrant DNA hypomethylation observed in tumors is a consequence or a cause of cancer. We found that overexpression of Stella (also known as PGC7, Dppa3), a maternal factor required for the maintenance of DNA methylation in early embryos, induced global DNA hypomethylation and transformation in NIH3T3 cells. This hypomethylation was due to the binding of Stella to Np95 (also known as Uhrf1, ICBP90) and the subsequent impairment of Dnmt1 localization. In addition, enforced expression of Stella enhanced the metastatic ability of B16 melanoma cells through the induction of metastasis-related genes by inducing DNA hypomethylation of their promoter regions. Such DNA hypomethylation itself causes cellular transformation and metastatic ability. These data provide new insight into the function of global DNA hypomethylation in carcinogenesis.
Global DNA hypomethylation coupled to cellular transformation and metastatic ability.
Cell line
View SamplesAtrial specific knockout of Nkx2-5 results in hyperplastic atria with ASD and conduction defects. To examine how Nkx2-5 regulates cardiac proliferation at late gestational stages, RNA-seq was performed. Overall design: Examination of expression profile of 2 Nkx2-5-null atria and 3 controls
Nkx2-5 suppresses the proliferation of atrial myocytes and conduction system.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesAvian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains frequently cause extra-intestinal infections and are responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. APEC isolates are closely related to human extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli strains and may also act as pathogens for humans. In this work, three type VI secretion systems were deleted to analyze which pathogenicity characteristics would change in the mutants, compared to wild type strain (SEPT 362).
The type VI secretion system plays a role in type 1 fimbria expression and pathogenesis of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesFunctional subsets of iNKT cells, NKT1, NKT2 and NKT17, have been reported to arise during the thymus to peripheral differentiation stages. The key transcription factors for NKT1, NKT2 and NKT17 development in the thymus have been identified as T-bet, Gata3 and Ror?t, respectively. In contrast, these iNKT cell subsets can also undergo further differentiation in the periphery. Eomesodermin (Eomes) is a T-box transcription factor with high homology to T-bet and is expressed by activated CD8+ T cells as well as in resting and activated NK cells. However, its role in invariant (i)NKT cells remains unknown. Here, we show the impact of Eomes on iNKT cells in the thymus and peripheral tissue using conditional knockout (Eomes-cKO) mice. Eomes regulates the differentiation of NKT1 cells in the thymus. In the peripheral tissue, Klrg1+ iNKT1 cells are generated in lung after vaccination with ?-GalCer-pulsed DCs (DC/Gal) as memory like iNKT cells. In the current study, we found that Eomes also regulates their differentiation into memory-like KLRG1+iNKT cells in the periphery. Overall design: RNA-seq of invariant Natural Killer T cell population in steady state and primed state from 2 genotypes of mice
Eomes transcription factor is required for the development and differentiation of invariant NKT cells.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesHematopoietic cells arise from spatiotemporally restricted domains in the developing embryo. Although studies of non-mammalian animal and in vitro embryonic stem cell models suggest a close relationship among cardiac, endocardial, and hematopoietic lineages, it remains unknown whether the mammalian heart tube serves as a hemogenic organ akin to the dorsal aorta. Here, we examined the hemogenic activity of the developing endocardium. Mouse heart explants generated myeloid and erythroid colonies in the absence of circulation. Hemogenic activity arose from a subset of endocardial cells in the outflow cushion and atria earlier than in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, and was transient and definitive in nature. Interestingly, key cardiac transcription factors, Nkx2-5 and Isl1, were expressed in and required for the hemogenic activity of the endocardium. Together, these data suggest that a subset of endocardial and yolk sac endothelial cells expressing cardiac markers serve as a de novo source for transient definitive hematopoietic progenitors.
Haemogenic endocardium contributes to transient definitive haematopoiesis.
Specimen part
View SamplesC-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) plays pivotal roles in tumor formation, progression, and metastasis. Although CCL2 expression has been found to be dependent on the nuclear factor (NF)B signaling pathway, the regulation of CCL2 production in tumor cells has remained unclear. We have identified a noncanonical pathway for regulation of CCL2 production that is mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) but independent of NF-B. Multiple phosphoproteomics approaches identified the transcription factor forkhead box K1 (FOXK1) as a downstream target of mTORC1. Activation of mTORC1 induces dephosphorylation of FOXK1 resulting in transactivation of the CCL2 gene. Inhibition of the mTORC1-FOXK1 axis attenuated insulin-induced CCL2 production as well as the accumulation of tumor-associated monocytes-macrophages and tumor progression in mice. Our results suggest that FOXK1 directly links mTORC1 signaling and CCL2 expression in a manner independent of NF-B, and that CCL2 produced by this pathway contributes to tumor progression.
Noncanonical Pathway for Regulation of CCL2 Expression by an mTORC1-FOXK1 Axis Promotes Recruitment of Tumor-Associated Macrophages.
Cell line
View SamplesC-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) plays pivotal roles in tumor formation, progression, and metastasis. Although CCL2 expression has been found to be dependent on the nuclear factor (NF)B signaling pathway, the regulation of CCL2 production in tumor cells has remained unclear. We have identified a noncanonical pathway for regulation of CCL2 production that is mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) but independent of NF-B. Multiple phosphoproteomics approaches identified the transcription factor forkhead box K1 (FOXK1) as a downstream target of mTORC1. Activation of mTORC1 induces dephosphorylation of FOXK1 resulting in transactivation of the CCL2 gene. Inhibition of the mTORC1-FOXK1 axis attenuated insulin-induced CCL2 production as well as the accumulation of tumor-associated monocytes-macrophages and tumor progression in mice. Our results suggest that FOXK1 directly links mTORC1 signaling and CCL2 expression in a manner independent of NF-B, and that CCL2 produced by this pathway contributes to tumor progression.
Noncanonical Pathway for Regulation of CCL2 Expression by an mTORC1-FOXK1 Axis Promotes Recruitment of Tumor-Associated Macrophages.
Cell line
View SamplesC-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) plays pivotal roles in tumor formation, progression, and metastasis. Although CCL2 expression has been found to be dependent on the nuclear factor (NF)B signaling pathway, the regulation of CCL2 production in tumor cells has remained unclear. We have identified a noncanonical pathway for regulation of CCL2 production that is mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) but independent of NF-B. Multiple phosphoproteomics approaches identified the transcription factor forkhead box K1 (FOXK1) as a downstream target of mTORC1. Activation of mTORC1 induces dephosphorylation of FOXK1 resulting in transactivation of the CCL2 gene. Inhibition of the mTORC1-FOXK1 axis attenuated insulin-induced CCL2 production as well as the accumulation of tumor-associated monocytes-macrophages and tumor progression in mice. Our results suggest that FOXK1 directly links mTORC1 signaling and CCL2 expression in a manner independent of NF-B, and that CCL2 produced by this pathway contributes to tumor progression.
Noncanonical Pathway for Regulation of CCL2 Expression by an mTORC1-FOXK1 Axis Promotes Recruitment of Tumor-Associated Macrophages.
Cell line
View SamplesMerm1/Wbscr22 is one of genes in chromosomal region deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder. Wbscr22 contains a nuclear localization signal and an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase fold, but its real function is completely unknown.In this study, to examine the function, we compared the gene expression profiles between control and Merm1/Wbscr22 knock-downed tumor cells.
The novel metastasis promoter Merm1/Wbscr22 enhances tumor cell survival in the vasculature by suppressing Zac1/p53-dependent apoptosis.
Cell line, Treatment
View Samples