The transcription factor IRF5 is essential for immune defense against pathogens. Here, the authors show that the microtubule-associated factor GEF-H1 plays a critical role in host defense against Listeria monocytogenes in macrophages via activation of the IRF5 kinase IKKe Overall design: Examination of MDP stimulated BMDM from WT, Arhgef2 and Irf5 KO mice
Microbial recognition by GEF-H1 controls IKKε mediated activation of IRF5.
Treatment, Subject
View SamplesStem cell differentiation is known to involve changes in RNA expression, but little is known about translational control during differentiation. We comprehensively profiled gene expression during differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into embyroid bodies (EBs) by integrating conventional transcriptome analysis with global assessment of ribosome loading. Differentiation was accompanied by an anabolic switch, characterized by global increases in transcript abundance, polysome content, protein synthesis rates and protein content. Furthermore, 78% of expressed transcripts showed increased ribosome loading, thereby enhancing translational efficiency. Elevated protein synthesis was accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of eIF-4E binding protein, suggesting regulation by the mTOR pathway.
A hierarchical network controls protein translation during murine embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
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View SamplesGene expression in forebrain structures change during day and night depending on circadian and rest-activity cycles. Clock genes have been shown to be involved in the control of circadian and sleep-wake control.
Mice lacking the circadian modulators SHARP1 and SHARP2 display altered sleep and mixed state endophenotypes of psychiatric disorders.
Age, Specimen part, Time
View SamplesAlthough human pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have emerged as a novel platform for heart regeneration, disease modeling, and drug screening, their immaturity significantly hinders their application. A hallmark of postnatal cardiomyocyte maturation is the metabolic substrate switch from glucose to fatty acids. We hypothesized that fatty acid supplementation would enhance hPSC-CM maturation. Fatty acid treatment induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and significantly increases cardiomyocyte force production. The improvement in force generation is accompanied by enhanced calcium transient peak height and kinetics, and by increased action potential upstroke velocity. Fatty acids enhance mitochondrial respiratory reserve capacity. RNA sequencing showed fatty acid treatment upregulates genes involved in fatty acid ß-oxidation and downregulates genes in lipid synthesis. Signal pathway analyses reveal that fatty acid treatment results in phosphorylation of multiple intracellular kinases. Thus, fatty acids increase human cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, force generation, calcium dynamics, action potential upstroke velocity, and oxidative capacity. This enhanced maturation should facilitate hPSC-CMs usage for cell therapy, disease modeling, and drug/toxicity screens. Overall design: We did RNA-seq of hPSC-CM culture in control and fatty acid media, with two biological replicates per condition
Fatty Acids Enhance the Maturation of Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesOne of the most common genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia is the internal tandem duplication (ITD) in the FLT3 receptor for cytokine FLT3 ligand (FLT3L). The constitutively active FLT3-ITD promotes the expansion of transformed progenitors, but also has pleiotropic effects on normal hematopoiesis. We analyzed the effect of FLT3-ITD on dendritic cells (DCs), which express FLT3 and can be expanded by FLT3L administration. We report that young pre-leukemic mice with the Flt3ITD knock-in allele manifest an expansion of all DCs including classical (cDCs) and plasmacytoid (pDCs). The expansion originated in DC progenitors, occurred in a cell-intrinsic manner and was further enhanced in Flt3ITD/ITD mice. The mutation caused the downregulation of Flt3 on the surface of DCs and reduced their responsiveness to Flt3L. Flt3ITD mice showed enhanced capacity to support T cell proliferation, including a cell-extrinsic expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Accordingly, these mice restricted alloreactive T cell responses during graft-versus-host reaction, but failed to control autoimmunity in the absence of Tregs. Thus, the FLT3-ITD mutation directly affects DC development, thereby indirectly modulating T cell homeostasis and supporting Treg expansion. This effect of FLT3-ITD may subvert immunosurveillance and promote leukemogenesis in a cell-extrinsic manner. Overall design: Sorted splenic dendritic cell subsets from either Flt3+/+ or Flt3ITD/+ mice were sequenced for mRNA profiling. For each subset per genotype contains 2-3 replicates, all from independent experiments.
Leukemia-associated activating mutation of Flt3 expands dendritic cells and alters T cell responses.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Promoter DNA methylation patterns of differentiated cells are largely programmed at the progenitor stage.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Epigenetic priming of inflammatory response genes by high glucose in adipose progenitor cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe surveyed DNA methylation profiles of all human RefSeq promoters in relation to gene expression and differentiation in adipose tissue, bone marrow and muscle mesenchymal progenitors, as well as in bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitors. We unravel strongly overlapping DNA methylation profiles between adipose stem cells (ASCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and muscle progenitor cells (MPCs), while hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are more epigenetically distant from MSCs seen as a whole. Differentiation resolves a fraction of methylation patterns common to MSCs, generating epigenetic divergence.
Promoter DNA methylation patterns of differentiated cells are largely programmed at the progenitor stage.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe object of this study was to investigate the effect of elevated glucose concentrations (15 and 25 mM glucose) on gene expression in undifferentiated and adipogenic differentiated ASCs.
Epigenetic priming of inflammatory response genes by high glucose in adipose progenitor cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe aim of this study was to characterize basal gene expression for proliferating adipose tissue MSCs, cultured at normal cell culture conditions.
Epigenetic priming of inflammatory response genes by high glucose in adipose progenitor cells.
Specimen part
View Samples