This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Glutamine supplementation suppresses herpes simplex virus reactivation.
Specimen part
View SamplesChronic viral infections are difficult to treat and new approaches, particularly those involving enhancing immune responses are needed. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) establishes latency, reactivates frequently, and breakthrough reactivation can occur despite suppressive antiviral therapy. Virus-specific T cells are important to control HSV, and activated T cells require increased metabolism of glutamine for their proliferation. We found that treatment of HSV-1 latently infected mice and HSV-2 infected guinea pigs with supplemental oral glutamine reduced virus reactivation. Transcriptome analysis of mice treated with glutamine showed that several interferon (IFN)- inducible genes were upregulated. Unlike wild-type mice, supplemental glutamine was ineffective in reducing the rate of HSV-1 reactivation in IFN- knock-out mice. Mice treated with glutamine had higher numbers of HSV-specific IFN- producing CD8 T cells in latently infected ganglia. Thus, glutamine may enhance the IFN--associated immune response and reduce the rate of reactivation of latent virus infection.
Glutamine supplementation suppresses herpes simplex virus reactivation.
Specimen part
View SamplesChronic viral infections are difficult to treat and new approaches, particularly those involving enhancing immune responses are needed. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) establishes latency, reactivates frequently, and breakthrough reactivation can occur despite suppressive antiviral therapy. Virus-specific T cells are important to control HSV, and activated T cells require increased metabolism of glutamine for their proliferation. We found that treatment of HSV-1 latently infected mice and HSV-2 infected guinea pigs with supplemental oral glutamine reduced virus reactivation. Transcriptome analysis of mice treated with glutamine showed that several interferon (IFN)- inducible genes were upregulated. Unlike wild-type mice, supplemental glutamine was ineffective in reducing the rate of HSV-1 reactivation in IFN- knock-out mice. Mice treated with glutamine had higher numbers of HSV-specific IFN- producing CD8 T cells in latently infected ganglia. Thus, glutamine may enhance the IFN--associated immune response and reduce the rate of reactivation of latent virus infection.
Glutamine supplementation suppresses herpes simplex virus reactivation.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis study is part of a larger multidisciplinary study entitled A dormant sub-population expressing interleukin-1 receptor characterises anti-estrogen resistant ALDH+ breast cancer stem cells.
Increased Expression of Interleukin-1 Receptor Characterizes Anti-estrogen-Resistant ALDH<sup>+</sup> Breast Cancer Stem Cells.
Specimen part, Disease, Subject
View SamplesChanges in gene expression caused by CREBBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibitors in a CML cell line Overall design: K562 cells were treated with CBP30 and I-CBP112 and changes in gene expression were evaluated by RNA-seq
CREBBP/EP300 bromodomains are critical to sustain the GATA1/MYC regulatory axis in proliferation.
Cell line, Treatment, Subject
View SamplesAntiprolifereative effects of CREBBP/EP300 inhibitors were tested in human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines and the molecular mechanisms responsible for such effects were explored. Overall design: K562 cells were treated with CBP-30 (CREBBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibitor), C646 (CREBBP/EP300 HAT activity inhibitor) and JQ1 (BRD4 inhibitor) and changes in gene expression were evaluated by RNA-seq.
CREBBP/EP300 bromodomains are critical to sustain the GATA1/MYC regulatory axis in proliferation.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThe histone methyltransferase NSD2/WHSC1/MMSET is overexpressed in a number of solid tumors but its contribution to the biology of these tumors is not well understood. Here, we describe that NSD2 contributes to the proliferation of a subset of lung cancer cell lines by supporting oncogenic RAS transcriptional responses. Co-treatment with MEK and BRD4 inhibitors causes co-operative inhibitory responses on cell growth. While these inhibitors converge in the downregulation of genes associated with cancer-acquired super-enhancers, NSD2 inhibition complements their action by affecting the expression of clusters of genes embedded in megabase-scale regions marked with H3K36me2. Thus, combinatorial therapies using MEK or BRD4 inhibitors together with NSD2 inhibition ensure a more comprehensive inhibition of oncogenic RAS-driven transcription programs. Overall design: H1299 cells were transduced with doxycycline (dox) inducible shRNAs (sh3 or sh5) againts NSD2 and with non target shRNA (shNT). Changes in gene expression (RNA-seq) and H3K36me2 (ChIP-seq) caused by depletion of NSD2 and indicated treatments were assessed. Two replicates (Rep) for RNA-seq and three replicates for ChIP-seq were included.
NSD2 contributes to oncogenic RAS-driven transcription in lung cancer cells through long-range epigenetic activation.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesTwo types of adipose tissues, white and brown, are found in mammals. Increasingly novel strategies are being proposed for the treatment of obesity and its associated complications by altering amount and/or activity of BAT using mouse models.
Microarray based gene expression analysis of murine brown and subcutaneous adipose tissue: significance with human.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesEthanol exposure during prenatal development causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), the most frequent preventable birth defect and neurodevelopmental disability syndrome. The molecular targets of ethanol toxicity during development are poorly understood. Developmental stages surrounding gastrulation are very sensitive to ethanol exposure. To understand the effects of ethanol on early transcripts during embryogenesis, we treated zebrafish embryos with ethanol during pre-gastrulation period and examined the transcripts by Affymetrix GeneChip microarray before gastrulation. We identified 521 significantly dysregulated genes, including 61 transcription factors in ethanol-exposed embryos. Sox2, the key regulator of pluripotency and early development was significantly reduced. Functional annotation analysis showed enrichment in transcription regulation, embryonic axes patterning, and signaling pathways, including Wnt, Notch and retinoic acid. We identified all potential genomic targets of 25 dysregulated transcription factors and compared their interactions with the ethanol-dysregulated genes. This analysis predicted that Sox2 targeted a large number of ethanol-dysregulated genes. A gene regulatory network analysis showed that many of the dysregulated genes are targeted by multiple transcription factors. Injection of sox2 mRNA partially rescued ethanol-induced gene expression, epiboly and gastrulation defects. Additional studies of this ethanol dysregulated network may identify therapeutic targets that coordinately regulate early development.
Embryonic ethanol exposure alters expression of sox2 and other early transcripts in zebrafish, producing gastrulation defects.
Treatment
View SamplesThe p53-regulated long non-coding RNA, lincRNA-p21, has been proposed to promote apoptosis and to repress in trans the expression of genes in the p53 transcriptional network. Here, we report the generation of a conditional knockout mouse model developed to further examine lincRNA-p21 function. Using this genetic approach, we find that the primary function of lincRNA-p21 is to activate in cis the expression of its neighboring gene, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Mechanistically, we show that lincRNA-p21 acts in concert with hnRNP-K as a co-activator for p53-dependent transcription of p21. Additional phenotypes of lincRNA-p21 deficiency, including deregulated expression and altered chromatin state of a set of Polycomb target genes, defective G1/S checkpoint, increased proliferation rates, and enhanced reprogramming efficiency could be attributed to diminished p21 levels. This study reveals a novel paradigm, whereby the long non-coding RNA lincRNA-p21 affects global gene expression and influences events in the p53 tumor suppressor pathway by acting in cis as a locus-restricted transcriptional co-activator for p53-mediated expression of p21. Overall design: mRNAseq in 2 cell types (WT and lincRNA-p21 KO) in the presence and absence of Doxorubicin performed in biological triplicate.
LincRNA-p21 activates p21 in cis to promote Polycomb target gene expression and to enforce the G1/S checkpoint.
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