Brain perivascular cells have been recently identified as new mesodermal cell type of the human brain.
Perivascular Mesenchymal Stem Cells From the Adult Human Brain Harbor No Instrinsic Neuroectodermal but High Mesodermal Differentiation Potential.
Specimen part
View SamplesPurpose:
Sequential gene expression profiling during treatment for identification of predictive markers and novel therapeutic targets in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Treatment
View SamplesGene expression of periphereal blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma pre and post immunotherapy was accessed and pre therapy gene expression was compared to PBL gene expression of healthy volunteers
Gene expression profile of peripheral blood lymphocytes from renal cell carcinoma patients treated with IL-2, interferon-α and dendritic cell vaccine.
Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage
View SamplesThe cytokines GM-CSF and IL-5 are thought to possess largely divergent functions despite a shared dependence on the common beta (βC) chain to initiate signaling. Although IL-5 is part of the core type 2 cytokine signature and is required for protection against some helminths, it is dispensable for immunity to others, such as Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (H. polygyrus). Whether this is due to compensatory mechanisms is unclear. The transcription factor Bhlhe40 has been shown to control GM-CSF production and is proposed to be a novel regulator of T helper type 2 cells.
BHLHE40 Promotes T<sub>H</sub>2 Cell-Mediated Antihelminth Immunity and Reveals Cooperative CSF2RB Family Cytokines.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesMicroarray data on TH cell subsets from WT C57BL/6 and Bhlhe40 KO mice
Bhlhe40 controls cytokine production by T cells and is essential for pathogenicity in autoimmune neuroinflammation.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesImmune-Responsive Gene 1 (Irg1) is a mitochondrial enzyme that produces itaconate under inflammatory conditions principally in cells of myeloid lineage. Cell culture studies suggest that itaconate regulates inflammation through inhibitory effects on cytokine and reactive oxygen species production. To evaluate the functions of Irg1 in vivo, we challenged wild-type (WT) and Irg1 KO mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and monitored disease progression. Irg1 KO but not WT mice succumbed rapidly to Mtb, and mortality was associated with increased infection, inflammation, and pathology. Infection of LysM-Cre Irg1 flox, MPR8-Cre Irg1 flox, and CD11c-Cre Irg1 flox conditional knockout mice along with neutrophil depletion experiments revealed a role for Irg1 in alveolar macrophages and LysM+ myeloid cells in preventing neutrophil-mediated immunopathology and disease. RNA-seq analyses suggest that Irg1 and its production of itaconate temper Mtb-induced inflammatory responses in myeloid cells at the transcriptional level. Thus, Irg1 modulates inflammation to curtail Mtb-induced lung disease. Overall design: Neutrophils were purified from bone marrow of naïve mice by negative selection using magnetic-activated cell sorting beads (Miltenyi). Neutrophil purity (>95%) was assessed by flow cytometry as the percentage of Ly6G+ CD11b+ cells. Neutrophils were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 1% non-essential amino acids at 37°C, 5% CO2. GFP-Mtb was grown to mid-log phase, washed with PBS, sonicated to disperse clumps, and resuspended in neutrophil culture media. GFP-Mtb then was opsonized prior to infection by mixing with an equal volume of normal mouse sera (Sigma) and incubation at room temperature for 30 min. Neutrophils were mock-infected or infected with opsonized GFP-Mtb at MOI 1 and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2.
<i>Irg1</i> expression in myeloid cells prevents immunopathology during <i>M. tuberculosis</i> infection.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject, Time
View SamplesImmune-Responsive Gene 1 (Irg1) is a mitochondrial enzyme that produces itaconate under inflammatory conditions principally in cells of myeloid lineage. Cell culture studies suggest that itaconate regulates inflammation through inhibitory effects on cytokine and reactive oxygen species production. To evaluate the functions of Irg1 in vivo, we challenged wild-type (WT) and Irg1-/- mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and monitored disease progression. Irg1-/- but not WT mice succumbed rapidly to Mtb, and mortality was associated with increased infection, inflammation, and pathology. Infection of LysM-Cre Irg1fl/fl, MPR8-Cre Irg1fl/fl, and CD11c-Cre Irg1fl/fl conditional knockout mice along with neutrophil depletion experiments revealed a role for Irg1 in alveolar macrophages and LysM+ myeloid cells in preventing neutrophil-mediated immunopathology and disease. RNA-seq analyses suggest that Irg1 and its production of itaconate temper Mtb-induced inflammatory responses in myeloid cells at the transcriptional level. Thus, Irg1 modulates inflammation to curtail Mtb-induced lung disease. Overall design: Macrophages were obtained by culturing bone marrow cells in RPMI-1640 (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, 1% non-essential amino acids, 100 U penicillin per mL, 100 µg streptomycin per mL, and 22 ng M-CSF (Peprotech) per ml for 6 days at 37°C, 5% CO2. Fresh media was added on day 3 of culture. After 6 days of culture, non-adherent cells were discarded. Adherent macrophages were switched into antibiotic-free media and seeded at 105 cells per well and 9 x 105 cells per well in tissue culture-treated 96 and 6 well plates respectively. In some cases, macrophages were treated with 0.25 mM itaconic acid (Sigma) for 12 h prior to inoculation with Mtb. Mtb was grown to mid-log phase, washed with PBS, sonicated to disperse clumps, and resuspended in antibiotic-free macrophage culture media. Macrophage cultures were inoculated by adding Mtb-containing media at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 and centrifuging for 10 min at 200 x g. Cells were washed twice with PBS to remove unbound Mtb, fresh culture media was added, and cells were incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2. In some cases culture media was supplemented with 0.25 mM itaconic acid.
<i>Irg1</i> expression in myeloid cells prevents immunopathology during <i>M. tuberculosis</i> infection.
Specimen part, Treatment, Subject
View SamplesImmune-Responsive Gene 1 (Irg1) is a mitochondrial enzyme that produces itaconate under inflammatory conditions principally in cells of myeloid lineage. Cell culture studies suggest that itaconate regulates inflammation through inhibitory effects on cytokine and reactive oxygen species production. To evaluate the functions of Irg1 in vivo, we challenged wild-type (WT) and Irg1 KO mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and monitored disease progression. Irg1 KO but not WT mice succumbed rapidly to Mtb, and mortality was associated with increased infection, inflammation, and pathology. Infection of LysM-Cre Irg1 flox, MPR8-Cre Irg1 flox, and CD11c-Cre Irg1 flox conditional knockout mice along with neutrophil depletion experiments revealed a role for Irg1 in alveolar macrophages and LysM+ myeloid cells in preventing neutrophil-mediated immunopathology and disease. RNA-seq analyses suggest that Irg1 and its production of itaconate temper Mtb-induced inflammatory responses in myeloid cells at the transcriptional level. Thus, Irg1 modulates inflammation to curtail Mtb-induced lung disease. Overall design: C57BL/6N (WT) mice were purchased from Charles River. B6.SJL (CD45.1) mice were obtained from Jackson Laboratories. Irg1-/- mice (embryonic stem cells obtained from KOMP (C57BL/6N background), MGI: 103206) were generated at Washington University. Adult mice (6-13 weeks of age) of both sexes were used, and sex was randomized between experiments. Neutrophils were purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting from the bone marrow of naïve mice (negative selection) or the lungs of Mtb-infected mice at 16 dpi (selection for Ly6G+ cells) (Miltenyi).
<i>Irg1</i> expression in myeloid cells prevents immunopathology during <i>M. tuberculosis</i> infection.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesCebpa is a gene known for its role in hematopoetic development. Though it is proven to be indispensible in myelopoesis, the details of the role played by Cebpa in dendritic cell development is fairly unknown. Steady state DC development can be modelled in vitro by treating Lin- HSPC with FLT3L.
TNFα Rescues Dendritic Cell Development in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Lacking C/EBPα.
Specimen part
View SamplesFADD-IEC KO and CASP8 IEC-KO mice spontaneously develop chronic colitis charcterized by inflammatory gene expression. We characterized the role of MLKL, RIPK3, ZBP1, in the upregulation of inlflammatory genes in these mice.
FADD and Caspase-8 Regulate Gut Homeostasis and Inflammation by Controlling MLKL- and GSDMD-Mediated Death of Intestinal Epithelial Cells.
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View Samples