Glomerular RNA comparison between wild-type and podocyte specific deletion of the PTIP gene in 1 month old kidneys. The PTIP gene was deleted using a floxed allele and a Podocin-Cre driver strain.
Altering a histone H3K4 methylation pathway in glomerular podocytes promotes a chronic disease phenotype.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe transcription factor Meis1 is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and over-expressed in certain leukemias. However, the functions of Meis1 in hematopoiesis remain largely unknown. Using inducible knock-out mice, we found that Meis1 is required for the maintenance of hematopoiesis under stress and over long term while steady-state hematopoiesis was sustained in the absence of Meis1. Bone marrow cells of Meis1 deficient mice showed reduced colony formation, contained significantly fewer numbers of long- term HSCs and these Meis1-deficient HSCs exhibited loss of quiescence. Further, we found that Meis1 deletion led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HSCs and decreased expression of genes implicated in hypoxia response. Finally, ROS scavenging by N-acetyl cysteine or stabilization of hypoxia-signaling by knockdown of the VHL protein led to reversal of the effects of Meis1-deletion. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Meis1 protects and preserves HSCs by restricting oxidative metabolism.
Meis1 preserves hematopoietic stem cells in mice by limiting oxidative stress.
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c-Myc is a universal amplifier of expressed genes in lymphocytes and embryonic stem cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe c-Myc HLH-bZIP protein has been implicated in physiological or pathological growth, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and differentiation at the cellular, tissue or organismal levels via regulation of numerous target genes. In part due to the incomplete inventory and functional accounting of Mycs targets, no principle unifies Myc action. To relate the dynamics of Myc-binding with target expression and function in a system where Myc-levels are temporally and physiologically regulated, the transcriptomes and the genome-wide distributions of Myc, RNA polymerase II and chromatin modifications were compared during lymphocyte activation and in ES cells. A remarkably simple rule emerged from this quantitative analysis: Myc is not an on-off switch, but is a non-linear amplifier of expression, acting universally at active genes, except for immediate early genes that are strongly induced before Myc. This rule of Myc action explains the vast majority of Myc biology observed in literature.
c-Myc is a universal amplifier of expressed genes in lymphocytes and embryonic stem cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe biological functions of histone demethylases Jmjd3 and Utx remain poorly understood. We assessed such functions in developing T cells, using conditional (CD4-Cre-mediated) gene disruption, by inactivating Kdm6a and Kdm6b, respectively encoding Utx and Jmjd3, in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. We compared microarray gene expression in mature (Va2hi CD24lo) mutant and wild-type CD4+CD8- thymocytes carrying the OT-II TCR transgene.
Histone H3 Lysine 27 demethylases Jmjd3 and Utx are required for T-cell differentiation.
Specimen part
View SamplesGene expression of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells determined by RNAseq 30 days after LCMV Armstrong infection Overall design: 30 days post-infection with LCMV Arm spleen GP66:I-Ab+ T cells from Zbtb7bAD (CD4 Zbtb7bAD) or Tnfrsf4-Cre– (CD4 Ctrl) mice and of spleen GP33:H-2Db+ T cells from Tnfrsf4-Cre– animals (CD8 Ctrl) were sorted and gene expression was determined by RNAseq
The Emergence and Functional Fitness of Memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells Require the Transcription Factor Thpok.
Subject
View SamplesSingle-cell gene expression of effector and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from WT or Thppok-deficient animals was determined by sRNAseq after LCMV Armstrong infection Overall design: 7 and 30 days post-infection with LCMV Arm spleen T cells were sorted and gene expression was determined by scRNAseq
The Emergence and Functional Fitness of Memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells Require the Transcription Factor Thpok.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesFetal and adult -globin gene expression is tightly regulated during human development. Fetal globin genes are transcriptionally silenced during embryogenesis through the process of hemoglobin switching. Efforts to understand the transcriptional mechanism(s) behind fetal globin silencing have led to novel strategies to derepress fetal globin expression in the adult, which could alleviate symptoms in hereditary b-globin disorders including sickle cell disease (SCD) and -thalassemia. We identified a novel zinc finger protein, pogo transposable element with zinc finger domain (Pogz), expressed in mouse and human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, which represses embryonic b-like globin gene expression in mice. Ablation of Pogz expression in adult hematopoietic cells in vivo results in persistence of embryonic b-like globin expression without significantly affecting erythroid development or mouse survival. Elevated embryonic -like globin expression correlates with reduced expression of Bcl11a, a known repressor of embryonic -like globin expression, in Pogz-/- fetal liver cells. Pogz binds to the Bcl11a promoter, and, to erythroid specific intragenic regulatory regions. Importantly, Pogz+/- mice develop normally, but show elevated embryonic b-like globin expression in peripheral blood cells, demonstrating that reducing Pogz levels results in persistence of embryonic b-like globin expression. Finally, knockdown of POGZ in primary human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell derived erythroblasts, reduces BCL11A expression and increases fetal hemoglobin expression. These findings are significant since new therapeutic targets and strategies are needed to treat the increasing global burden of b-globin disorders.
POGZ Is Required for Silencing Mouse Embryonic β-like Hemoglobin and Human Fetal Hemoglobin Expression.
Specimen part
View SamplesTo examine the role of SPS1 in mammals, we generated a Sps1 knockout mouse and found that systemic SPS1 deficiency was embryonic lethal. Embryos were clearly underdeveloped by E8.5 and virtually reabsorbed by E14.5. Removal of Sps1 specifically in hepatocytes using Albumin-cre preserved viability, but significantly affected expression of a large number of mRNAs involved in cancer, embryonic development and the glutathione system. Particularly notable was the extreme deficiency of glutaredoxin 1 (GLRX1) and glutathione-S-transferase omega 1. To assess these phenotypes at the cellular level, we targeted the removal of SPS1 in F9 cells, a mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line, which recapitulated changes in the glutathione system proteins. We further found that several malignant characteristics of SPS1-deficient F9 cells were reversed, suggesting that SPS1 has a role in supporting and/or sustaining cancer. In addition, the increased ROS levels observed in F9 SPS1/GLRX1 deficient cells were reversed and became more like those in F9 SPS1 sufficient cells by overexpressing mouse or human GLRX1. The results suggest that SPS1 is an essential mammalian enzyme with roles in regulating redox homeostasis and controlling cell growth.
Selenophosphate synthetase 1 is an essential protein with roles in regulation of redox homoeostasis in mammals.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesBirt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hamartomas of skin follicles, cystic lung disease, and renal neoplasia. Affected individuals carry heterozygous mutations in Folliculin (FLCN), a tumor suppressor gene that becomes biallelically inactivated in kidney tumors by second-hit mutations. Similar to other factors implicated in kidney malignancies, Folliculin has been shown to modulate activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). However, its precise in vivo function is largely unknown because germline deletion of Flcn results in early embryonic lethality in animal models. We here describe mice deficient in the newly characterized Folliculin-Interacting Protein 1 (Fnip1). In contrast to Flcn, Fnip1-/- mice develop normally, are not susceptible to kidney neoplasia, but display a striking pro-B cell block that is independent of mTOR activity. We show that this developmental arrest results at least in part from impaired V(D)J recombination and caspase-induced cell death, and that pre-recombined V(D)J and Bcl2 transgenes reconstitute pre-B and mature B cell populations respectively. We also demonstrate that conditional deletion of Flcn recapitulates the pro-B cell arrest of Fnip1-/- mice. Our studies thus demonstrate that the Flcn-Fnip complex deregulated in BHD syndrome is absolutely required for B cell differentiation and that it functions both through mTOR dependent and independent pathways. Overall design: RNASeq data for two pro-B cell subsets (fraction B and CC'') isolated from wt and Fnip1-/- mice
The folliculin-FNIP1 pathway deleted in human Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome is required for murine B-cell development.
Cell line, Subject
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