Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and scrapie in animals and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. They are characterized by long incubation periods, variation in which is determined by many factors including genetic background. In some cases it is possible that incubation time may be directly correlated to the level of gene expression. In order to test this hypothesis we combined incubation time data from five different inbred lines of mice with quantitative gene expression profiling in normal brains and identified five genes with expression levels that correlate with incubation time. One of these genes, Hspa13 (Stch), is a member of the Hsp70 family of ATPase heat shock proteins which have been previously implicated in prion propagation. To test whether Hspa13 plays a causal role in determining the incubation period we tested two over-expressing mouse models. The Tc1 human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) transchromosomic mouse model of Down syndrome is trisomic for many Hsa21 genes including Hspa13 and following Chandler/RML prion inoculation shows a 4% reduction in incubation time. Furthermore, a transgenic model with eight fold over-expression of mouse Hspa13 exhibited highly significant reductions in incubation time of 16%, 15% and 7% following infection with Chandler/RML, ME7 and MRC2 prion strains respectively. These data further implicate Hsp70-like molecular chaperones in protein misfolding disorders such as prion disease.
Overexpression of the Hspa13 (Stch) gene reduces prion disease incubation time in mice.
Specimen part
View SamplesPurpose: to identify the effects of the Dp1Tyb mutation on the transcriptome of mouse embryonic fibroblasts Overall design: RNAseq libraries were prepared from RNA isolated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Libraries were prepared from total RNA using the TruSeq Stranded mRNA Sample Prep Kit (Illumina) by the Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute. Libraries were sequenced (100 bases paired end) on the Illumina Hiseq 4000 Please note that this dataset contains ERCC spike ins to normalise the data
Gene expression dysregulation domains are not a specific feature of Down syndrome.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesFungal infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The innate immune system senses fungal pathogens through a family of Syk-coupled C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which signal through the conserved immune adapter Card9. Although Card9 complexes are essential for antifungal defense in humans and mice, the mechanisms that couple CLR-proximal events to Card9 control are not well defined. Here, using a proteomic approach, we identified Vav proteins as key activators of the Card9 pathway. Vav1, Vav2 and Vav3 cooperate downstream of Dectin-1, Dectin-2 and Mincle to selectively engage Card9 for NF-?B control and proinflammatory gene transcription but are not involved in MAPK activation. Although Vav family members show functional redundancy, Vav1/2/3 triple-deficient cells are severely impaired for NF-?B and cytokine responses upon stimulation with CLR agonists or hyphae, and Vav1/2/3-/- mice phenocopy Card9-/- animals with extreme susceptibility to fungi and rapid mortality upon Candida albicans infection. In this context, Vav3 is the single most important Vav in mice, and a polymorphism in human VAV3 is associated with susceptibility to candidemia in patients. Our results reveal a molecular mechanism for CLR-mediated Card9 regulation that controls innate immunity to fungal infections. Overall design: RNA profiles of unstimulated or Curdlan-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from wild type (WT) and Vav1/2/3-/- (VAV KO) mice were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina HiSeq 2000.
Vav Proteins Are Key Regulators of Card9 Signaling for Innate Antifungal Immunity.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesRNA-seq analysis was performed between WT and alphaT-cat KO mouse cerebella aiming to discover gene transcripts altered by the loss of alphaT-cat These altered gene transcripts could be associated with several neurologic disease-relevant pathways Overall design: Total RNA extracted of cerebellar tissue (n=3) from the brains of WT ad alphaT-cat KO mice
αT-catenin in restricted brain cell types and its potential connection to autism.
Specimen part, Subject
View Samples