Background:
Role of IFN-gamma and IL-6 in a protective immune response to Yersinia enterocolitica in mice.
Sex
View SamplesExposure to high levels of arsenic in drinking water is associated with several types of cancers including lung, bladder and skin, as well as vascular disease and diabetes. Drinking water standards are based primarily on epidemiology and extrapolation from higher dose experiments, rather than measurements of phenotypic changes associated with chronic exposure to levels of arsenic similar to the current standard of 10ppb, and little is known about the difference between arsenic in food as opposed to arsenic in water. Measurement of phenotypic changes at low doses may be confounded by the effect of laboratory diet, in part because of trace amounts of arsenic in standard laboratory chows, but also because of broad metabolic changes in response to the chow itself. Finally, this series contrasts 8hr, 1mg/kg injected arsenic with the various chronic exposures, and also contrasts the acute effects of arsenic, dexamethasone or their combination. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed on two commercially available laboratory diets (LRD-5001 and AIN-76A) were chronically exposed, through drinking water or food, to environmentally relevant concentrations of sodium arsenite, or acutely exposed to dexamethasone.
Laboratory diet profoundly alters gene expression and confounds genomic analysis in mouse liver and lung.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThe obese, insulin resistant state is characterized by impairments in lipid metabolism. Dietary polyphenols might improve these deteriorations. We have previously shown that 3-days supplementation of combined Epigallocatechin-gallate and Resveratrol (E+R) increased energy expenditure, which was accompanied by improved metabolic flexibility after a high-fat mixed-meal (HFMM) in men. The present study aimed to investigate whether these short-term effects translate into longer-term improvement of insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. In this randomized, double-blind study, 42 overweight subjects (21 male, 382 yrs, BMI 29.70.5 kg/m2, HOMA-IR 2.10.2) received either E+R (300 and 80 mg/d, respectively) or placebo (PLA) for 12 weeks (3 months). Before (t0) and after (t3) intervention, tissue-specific insulin sensitivity was assessed by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with stable isotope infusion. Fasting and postprandial (HFMM) lipid metabolism was assessed using indirect calorimetry and blood sampling. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle lipolysis was measured using microdialysis in men and skeletal muscle biopsies were collected to assess mitochondrial function and gene expression alterations via microarray analysis. E+R supplementation increased fasting (P=0.06) and postprandial (P=0.03) fat oxidation but did not alter energy expenditure compared to PLA. This was accompanied by an E+R-induced increase in oxidative capacity in permeabilized muscle fibers (p<0.05). Moreover, E+R supplementation attenuated the increase in plasma triacylglycerol concentration that was observed in the PLA group (AUC, p<0.05), and tended to decrease visceral fat mass (P=0.09). Finally, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and suppression of endogenous glucose production were not affected by E+R supplementation. 12 weeks E+R supplementation increased whole-body fat oxidation and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, but this did not translate into increased tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese subjects.
Combined epigallocatechin-3-gallate and resveratrol supplementation for 12 wk increases mitochondrial capacity and fat oxidation, but not insulin sensitivity, in obese humans: a randomized controlled trial.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Treatment, Time
View SamplesMutation of marA, rob, and soxS causes a clinical strain of E.coli to be attenuated at d3 post-infection in a mouse model of pyelonephritis, here we extract RNA at d2 post infection to analyze transcriptional differences between the two strains.
SoxS increases the expression of the zinc uptake system ZnuACB in an Escherichia coli murine pyelonephritis model.
Specimen part
View SamplesF4/80+ macrophages treated with TGFb2 are potently tolerogenic. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating the development of these tolerogenic properties is incomplete.
FcγRI is required for TGFβ2-treated macrophage-induced tolerance.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Identification of the cortical neurons that mediate antidepressant responses.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesMolecular phenotyping of cell types and neural circuits underlying pathological neuropsychiatric conditions and their responses to therapy provides one avenue for the development of more specific and effective treatments. In this study, we identify a cell population in the cerebral cortex that shows robust and specific molecular adaptations following long-term SSRI treatment.
Identification of the cortical neurons that mediate antidepressant responses.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesMolecular phenotyping of cell types and neural circuits underlying pathological neuropsychiatric conditions and their responses to therapy provides one avenue for the development of more specific and effective treatments. In this study, we identify a cell population in the cerebral cortex that shows robust and specific molecular adaptations following long-term SSRI treatment.
Identification of the cortical neurons that mediate antidepressant responses.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesMolecular phenotyping of cell types and neural circuits underlying pathological neuropsychiatric conditions and their responses to therapy provides one avenue for the development of more specific and effective treatments. In this study, we identify a cell population in the cerebral cortex that shows robust and specific molecular adaptations following long-term SSRI treatment.
Identification of the cortical neurons that mediate antidepressant responses.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesMolecular phenotyping of cell types and neural circuits underlying pathological neuropsychiatric conditions and their responses to therapy provides one avenue for the development of more specific and effective treatments. In this study, we identify a cell population in the cerebral cortex that shows robust and specific molecular adaptations following long-term SSRI treatment.
Identification of the cortical neurons that mediate antidepressant responses.
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples