During embryogenesis, cell specification and tissue formation is directed by the concentration and temporal presentation of morphogens, and similarly, pluripotent embryonic stem cells differentiate in vitro into various phenotypes in response to morphogen treatment. Embryonic stem cells are commonly differentiated as three dimensional spheroids called embryoid bodies (EBs); however, differentiation within EBs is typically heterogeneous and disordered. Here we show that spatiotemporal control of microenvironmental cues embedded directly within EBs enhances the homogeneity, synchrony and organization of differentiation. Degradable polymer microspheres releasing retinoic acid within EBs induce the formation of cystic spheroids closely resembling the early streak mouse embryo, with an exterior of visceral endoderm enveloping an epiblast layer. These results demonstrate that controlled morphogen presentation to stem cells more efficiently directs cell differentiation and tissue formation, thereby improving developmental biology models and enabling the development of regenerative medicine therapies and cell diagnostics.
Homogeneous and organized differentiation within embryoid bodies induced by microsphere-mediated delivery of small molecules.
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View SamplesAnalysis of TH17 cells redirected with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) expressing various signaling domains (including CD28, 4-1BB and ICOS) after surrogate antigen stimulation.
ICOS-based chimeric antigen receptors program bipolar TH17/TH1 cells.
Specimen part, Time
View SamplesEstrogen-Related Receptor alpha (ERR) is a nuclear receptor that acts principally as a regulator of metabolism processes particularly in tissues subjected to high-energy demand. Besides its implication in energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis, ERR was recently associated with tumorigenesis. Notably, increased expression of ERR was noted in different cancerous tissues as breast, ovary and colon. However, supplemental studies are required to better understand the role of ERR in colon carcinoma.
ERRĪ± metabolic nuclear receptor controls growth of colon cancer cells.
Cell line, Treatment
View SamplesZinc (Zn2+) is an integral component of many proteins and has been shown to act in a regulatory capacity in different mammalian systems, including as a neurotransmitter in neurons throughout the brain. While Zn2+ plays an important role in modulating neuronal potentiation and synaptic plasticity, little is known about the signaling mechanisms of this regulation. In dissociated rat hippocampal neuron cultures, we used fluorescent Zn2+ sensors to rigorously define resting Zn2+ levels and stimulation-dependent intracellular Zn2+ dynamics, and we performed RNA-Seq to characterize Zn2+-dependent transcriptional effects upon stimulation. We found that relatively small changes in cytosolic Zn2+ during stimulation altered expression levels of 931 genes, and these Zn2+ dynamics induced transcription of many genes implicated in neurite expansion and synaptic growth. Additionally, while we were unable to verify the presence of synaptic Zn2+ in these cultures, we did detect the synaptic vesicle Zn2+ transporter ZnT3 and found it to be substantially upregulated by cytosolic Zn2+ increases. These results provide the first global sequencing-based examination of Zn2+-dependent changes in transcription and identify genes that may mediate Zn2+-dependent processes and functions. Overall design: 3 replicates of each of 3 conditions (KCl treatment, KCl/Zn treatment, KCl/TPA treatment), none of which are control conditions. KCl treatment was used as the reference condition for all comparisons. TPA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, a Zn2+ chelator.
Intracellular Zn<sup>2+</sup> transients modulate global gene expression in dissociated rat hippocampal neurons.
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment, Subject
View SamplesChlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen that causes trachoma and sextually transmitted disease in human. During early stage of infection, Chlamydia secreted bacterial effector proteins into host cell cytoplasm to help its entry and estabilishment of early replicated niche.
The Chlamydia trachomatis type III secretion chaperone Slc1 engages multiple early effectors, including TepP, a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein required for the recruitment of CrkI-II to nascent inclusions and innate immune signaling.
Specimen part, Cell line, Time
View SamplesIn this data set we include expression data from human CD4+ T cells isolated on day 0, 6, 11 and 24 follow anti-CD3/anti-CD28 magnetic bead stimulation and chimeric antigen receptor transduction.
Identification of chimeric antigen receptors that mediate constitutive or inducible proliferation of T cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesWnt signaling in early eye development, specifically the lens placode shows expression of 12 out of 19 Wnt ligands. We these Wnt activities were suppressed using conditional deletion of Wntless, dramatic phenotypic changes in morphogensis occurred.
Wnt ligands from the embryonic surface ectoderm regulate 'bimetallic strip' optic cup morphogenesis in mouse.
Specimen part
View SamplesVelo-cardio-facial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome/22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) patients have a submucous cleft palate, velo-pharyngeal insufficiency associated with hypernasal speech, facial muscle hypotonia and feeding difficulties. Inactivation of both alleles of mouse Tbx1, encoding a T-box transcription factor, deleted on 22q11.2, results in a cleft palate and a reduction or loss of branchiomeric muscles. To identify genes downstream of Tbx1 for myogenesis, gene profiling was performed on mandibular arches (MdPA1) from Tbx1+/+ and Tbx1-/- mouse embryos.
Tbx1 is required autonomously for cell survival and fate in the pharyngeal core mesoderm to form the muscles of mastication.
Specimen part
View SamplesVelo-cardio-facial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome/22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) patients have a submucous cleft palate, velo-pharyngeal insufficiency associated with hypernasal speech, facial muscle hypotonia and feeding difficulties. Inactivation of both alleles of mouse Tbx1, encoding a T-box transcription factor, deleted on 22q11.2, results in a cleft palate and a reduction or loss of branchiomeric muscles. To identify genes downstream of Tbx1 for myogenesis, gene profiling was performed on mandibular arches (MdPA1) from Tbx1+/+ and Tbx1-/- mouse embryos.
Tbx1 is required autonomously for cell survival and fate in the pharyngeal core mesoderm to form the muscles of mastication.
Specimen part
View SamplesPlasmacytoid dendritic cells wre isolated from cutaneous lymph nodes of control C57BL/6 mice and used for microarray analysis.
Comparative genomics analysis of mononuclear phagocyte subsets confirms homology between lymphoid tissue-resident and dermal XCR1(+) DCs in mouse and human and distinguishes them from Langerhans cells.
Specimen part
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